Compare the role of voice-over narration in any two (or three) films Essay - 1

Compare the role of voice-over narration in any two (or three) films screened in this course (Dr Strangelove, A Clockwork Orange - Essay Example Such a film device is not in any way new or inventive. It is a story-telling technique that is used by different directors to elaborate a plot, based on the needs of the plot and the messages they wish to convey to the audience. As such, this brief analysis will track and consider the ways in which directors of three distinct films—Dr Strangelove (1964), A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), and The Big Lebowski (1998)—employ this technique. Through such an analysis, the author hopes to reveal the different nuanced levels of meaning that the individual directors hope to invoke through story-telling techniques such as the voice-over narrative. Kubrick himself, when discussing how he would cast and direct a satire on the lunacy of the Cold War, noted that it should be presented to the audience in a form of dark humour. In this way, it could more readily convey the levels of truth and the different meanings that are portrayed (Bilandzic & Buselle, 2011, p. 30). As a means t o accomplish this end, Kubrick employed many techniques that sought to mirror elements of true life that the audience would readily be able to identify with and would appreciate. Of course one of the most powerful mechanisms that he employed was presenting news-like stories to the viewer in a matter of fact way; regardless of how utterly insane they might be in content. Kubrick further sought to provide a type of societal commentary that housed the work in a convenient yet detached framework. Rather than allowing the individual characters to stand out, ultimately diminishing the message that Kubrick was attempting to communicate, the director regarded central omniscient or seemingly omniscient narrator as a better mechanism. Thus, the director was able to present a serious and gripping subject matter in a satirical way from a detached standpoint. The detached standpoint itself is further compounded by the effect of the monotone voice of the voice-over narration, impressing upon the viewer an influential point of view. The overall effect that the director was attempting to incorporate into the film was precisely this: it was only necessary to add elements of realism into a script that was already tinged by elements of absurdity since the satire engaged the viewer with the preposterous nature of the Cold War and Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) (Kirshner 2001, p. 40). In this way, the voice-over narration provided the necessary ethos that Kubrick required to accomplish a sense of realism and authority. Iguarta (2009, p. 58) offers a comprehensive insight regarding Dr Strangelove (1964), particularly from the perspective of using the voice-over technique: Voice-over narration in Kubrick's films evolves from an element that shows the mastery of the text by itself and an element of coherence that assures the perfect fitting of each element in the first films. They also show a more detached, ironic relationship of narrator to the text, which hints at the growing f eeling in the later films that reality cannot be controlled and that the text is unable to present it to us in a clear, reassuring way. This passage seems marked by the absence of voice-over narration in 2001, a reference to the organizing, clarifying function it had fulfilled in

I Thessalonians and II Thessalonians Essay Example for Free

I Thessalonians and II Thessalonians Essay The Epistle to the Thessalonians is a two letters, generally believed to have been written by Saint Paul, that form two books of the New Testament. The letters are addressed to the members of the Christian church Paul had founded in Thessalonica (Salonica), Macedonia. In the letters, Paul answers questions and deals with problems of the Thessalonian Christians. Passages in both letters prophesy the return of Jesus to earth. Because the second Epistle in places is not characteristic of Paul’s writings in style or content, some scholars have questioned whether Paul wrote any of it. Most scholars, however, believe that Paul wrote both letters. First Thessalonians may be the oldest document in the New Testament. Here Paul gives advice to the people of Thessalonica concerning Christ’s return and encourages them to make themselves ready. Second Thessalonians discusses the same topics; however, it discusses the importance of being ready for the day when Christ will return. I Timothy and II Timothy The two books of the New Testament I Timothy and II Timothy are letters supposedly written by Saint Paul to Saint Timothy. Together with the Epistle to Titus, they are often called the Pastoral Epistles because they deal particularly with the responsibilities of Christian pastors or ministers. Many modern religious scholars doubt that the Pastoral Epistles were really written by Paul. Some of the events mentioned in them do not agree with other accounts of Paul’s life, and there are differences in style from Paul’s known writings. Many scholars believe that these Epistles were actually written long after Paul’s death, but may include small portion of his writings. Titus Titus is a book on the New Testament and believed to be written by Titus himself. Titus is believed to have been converted by Paul himself sometime before the year 49. He replaced Timothy as Paul’s representative to the Christian community at Corinth, Greece, and according to tradition was the first bishop of Crete. The Epistle to Titus in the New Testament is supposedly addressed to him. It and the Epistles to Timothy form the Pastoral Epistles. This â€Å"Pastoral Letters† gives advice about what local church leaders should do to look after spiritual needs of the people in their care. Philemon Epistle to Philemon, in the Bible, a letter of Saint Paul, who was then a prisoner, probably in Rome, to Philemon, a fellow Christian of Colossae in Asia Minor. It pleads for clemency and kindness toward Onesimus, a runaway slave whom Paul had recently converted. Onesimus was apparently set free, and was probably the Onesimus who was later bishop of Ephesus. Hebrews This book, written in the form of a letter, is a sermon about the superiority of Jesus Christ. He is shown to be superior to the angels, to the priesthood of Moses, and to the sacrifices that were made in the temple. Jesus is described as both the high priest and Sacrifice that takes away the sins of many. Written at a time when the church was being persecuted by Roman authorities, this letter encourages Christians to remain faithful to Christ and to learn from his example of self- sacrifice. James This letter of five chapters is called a general epistle since it was written to Christians in general. The book is mainly a collection of moral principles for practical Christian living, and is often summed up in the statement that â€Å"faith, if it hath not works, is dead† (2:17). The writer calls himself â€Å"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ: (1:1). The letter has traditionally been ascribed to James, the brother of Jesus. I Peter Apostle Peter wrote this book. This letter was written to bring comfort and strength to Christians who were being persecuted for their faith for Jesus. Peter encourages them to stay strong for Jesus, he also point out that God is a perfect God and without any blemish at all. It tells of the things to do as servants of god for us to please Him and also submitting to authorities as well as in terms of marriage in the case of a husband and wife. II Peter Apostle Peter wrote this book. This letter was bears some similarities to the Letter of Jude, warns Christians about false teachers who will try to lure Christians away from the truth. The author urges Christians to remain loyal to God and to keep themselves pure because the Lord will return one day to judge the world. I John In this book, First John was written to affirm that Jesus is the Christ, warn Christians about false prophets, and to explain basic truths about the Christian life. A special emphasis is placed on the command to love one another. It tells that there is everlasting life with God and that God will always be there to help us through. 2 John Second John is a letter addressed to â€Å"a very special woman and her children,† a poetic way of speaking about the church. The author reminds the faithful about the importance of love and warns them to watch out for deceitful liars. 3 John Third John describes a conflict between the author and a church leader named Diotrephes. It urges Christians to help other followers spread the truth about Christ. Jude This letter is a warning against the Influence of ungodly and immoral people who claimed to have spiritual authority based on visions they received. These false teachers were inciting believers to disobey Jesus Christ. The author cautions his readers to keep their faith in God and to help any among them who may have doubts. The book closes with a benediction that has become a standard in many worship services: â€Å"To the only wise God our Savior, be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and forever, Amen†. Revelation The Revelation of St. John the Divine, the Protestant name for the last book of the New Testament. The book is called Apocalypse in the Roman Catholic Bible. By Christian tradition the author was the Apostle John. The author, living in a time of persecution, believed that the weak Christian Church was about to be destroyed by the Roman Empire. But after the Catastrophe, God would intervene in human affairs, and the outcome would be triumph of Christ and his church. The last two chapters give vivid pictures of a new heaven and a new earth with the New Jerusalem. Revelation is not a message of doom but a call to courage and faith. The book is filled with visions and symbols, and with magnificent descriptions and lofty flights of imaginations. It was apparently written about 96 A. D when the Christian Church was suffering persecution under Emperor Domitian.

A Bond between Sisters :: Personal Narrative

A Bond between Sisters The kitchen is sweltering, like everywhere else in the house, so the ice melts quickly as I drop it into the pitcher of freshly brewed mint tea. A fly buzzes around my head, and I try not to flinch as I pour five glasses of the light green liquid. One is for dad, who is in the garden picking tomatoes, another for mom who is diligently preparing for tomorrow's birthday party, and one is for my youngest sister Rachel who is running around the neighborhood with her dog. I take a sip from one of the remaining cups and carry the last to my other sister, Anna. Though I have not heard from her in hours, I know she will be sitting in the same position I last saw her: reclined on the porch chair, feet rested on the railing, and mind deeply lost in her newest science fiction or fantasy novel. "Anna, would you like some tea," I offer as the screen door slams behind me. She doesn't move. "Anna," I try again, this time touching her shoulder with my elbow. She turns her chin towards me, but her eyes continue scanning the page until she has reached an appropriate stopping point. She lifts her slightly glazed, hazel eyes towards mine, unwilling to disengage from the world created by Anthony Piers or Terry Brooks. The corners of her mouth curl upwards, eyes slightly squinting from the bright sunlight, and she reaches out her empty hand, decorated with an intricate henna design, to grasp the sweating glass of tea. My sister and parents have settled on henna as an acceptable form of body art, as opposed to piercings, tattoos, or even hair dye. My sister's artistic talents and desire to decorate herself have been evident since she was little when she longed for the day she could wear the makeup that mom donned every Sunday. One morning, my sister's desire and daring five-year-old spirit got the better of her, and she snuck a tube of bright red lipstick to church. Our mother was mortified, but most of the congregation thought it amusing to see Anna's crimson lips. Anna's artistic side has manifested itself in many other ways. She carried a sketchbook, making drawings of the various churches we visited, our family, or the creatures in her imagination. In her late elementary school years, Anna discovered the joy of using beads to make jewelry.

Homosexuality Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Homosexuality For years scientists have been attempting to ascertain whether or not homosexual behavior can be linked to a biological catalyst. From Alfred Kinsey's revolutionary survey in 1947 to the current media upheaval about a prospective "gay gene," the desire to pinpoint a cause for the personalities and behaviors associated with homosexuality has reached new plateaux. The scientific community is constantly developing more and more evidence to suggest that there may well be a neurological explanation for homosexuality. Although historical studies and purposed treatments have ranged from group counseling to shock therapy, recent research suggests that exposure to an abnormally high or low amount of certain hormones could potentially affect sexual behavior. Just as there is no gene for heterosexuality, there can be no "gay gene." Genes are not responsible for an individual's actions; they simply guide the "sequence of a particular protein that may influence behavior" ( 1 ). However, it is possible that there is a genetic factor which is responsible for a protein synthesis resulting in particular sex hormone levels (namely testosterone and estrogen) which could augment certain sex-typical characteristics, and might explain sexual behavior ( 1 ). This paper will discuss various studies which examine the effects of male and female hormones in an attempt to develop a potential correlation between biological foundations and homosexual behavior. According to Fred Delcomyn (2), mammals naturally develop as females "in the absence of sex hormones." Without the intervention of androgens (testicular hormones, specifically testosterone), all mammals develop in utero as female. Not only are the genitals identical in early fe... ...r that personality and behavior are more than simple chemical reactions. While prenatal over-androgenization or estrogenization could potentially be one of the many underlying causes of homosexuality, this has only been shown in certain cases, largely those in which chemical abnormalities have caused effeminate or masculinizing behavioral (and in some cases physical) traits. The studies discussed herein cannot account for the physiological characteristics of every member of the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered community. It is also possible that the amounts of hormones studied are not abnormal, but fall somewhere in the spectrum of human sexuality. Internet Sources: 2. Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. 1998 http://salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk/year1/Sexdiff.htm http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~sg7/eng105/students/Beth.htm

Impact: Mass Media Essay

The presence and intensity of media influences—television, radio, music, computers, movies, videos, and the Internet—are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. The influence of the media on the psychosocial development of children is profound. Thus, it is important for parents to discuss with their children about their exposure to media and to provide guidance on age-appropriate use of all media, including television, radio, music, video games and the Internet. A child born in the 1930s might have spent as much as several hours a week listening to the radio; reading comic books, newspapers, or magazines; or watching a film at a local theatre. Since television was first introduced in the 1950s, the number of hours young people spend interacting in some way with media, as well as the range and capabilities of the many devices and activities that could be considered media experiences, have increased to an extent far beyond the imagining of today’s grandparents when they were young. Children today use electronic media from two to five hours daily, and infants—even in utero—are regularly exposed to a variety of media The objectives of this statement are to explore the beneficial and harmful effects of media on children’s mental and physical health, and to identify how physicians can counsel patients and their families and promote the healthy use of the media in their communities. Media: Media is the plural of medium and can take a plural or singular verb, depending on the sense intended. These are communication channels through which news, education, data, entertainment, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes very broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, TV, radio, magazines, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Types of media: The four general types of media are * Print media * Electronic media Print media: Definition: Print media is a rather commonly used term referring to the medium that disseminates printed matter. In everyday life we refer to print media as the industry associated with the printing and mostly with the distribution of news through a network of media, such as newspapers and journals. People also refer to print media simply with the term â€Å"press;† it’s an intermediate communicative channel aiming at reaching a large number of people. History: The printing revolution started with Johann Gutenberg in the 15th century and became the base for the expanded role of the dissemination of news introducing the means that provide print media mass circulation. The physical presentation of most publications and print media in the 20th century has been very similar to those of the 18th and 19th centuries–printed on a large sheet of paper, and often folded to facilitate storing and carrying. Types: Print media include all printed forms of press: newspapers, newsletters, booklets, magazines and pamphlets as well as other printed publications such as books and printed literature. The vast majority of print media refers to the publications that sell advertising space to raise revenue. Most print media, with the exception of magazines and journals are local or national, while many magazines are international. Out-of-home media: Out-of-home media is also known as place-based media. This includes billboards, outdoor boards, transit posters, theatre and video ads, product placements in movies, aerial advertising, electronic kiosks, ads in elevators, banner displays on ATMs, sidewalk chalk messages, etc. Significance: Audiences learn and distinguish priorities from reading print media; it might be less obvious but the audiences committed to the press use it as a surrogate for their social entourage and the community. People adopt the press agenda of issues as their own. Different types of individuals become more focused on the same public issues, suggesting that the significance of print media is to draw people around the same particular public themes and issues. This role and function of print media has been important throughout the centuries and is likely to remain the same. Future: Towards the end of the 20th century, the sentence â€Å"press is dead† was found among many media panels around the world. In the 21st century, the development of Internet, electronic news and online publications have shown us that people resort to electronic media to gather information. However, reality indicates that although people read daily news online and check blogs and websites for information, they flock to the press stands when they want to hold news in their hands and want to read something they trust. Impact of print media on younger generations: The rapid growth of print media in almost all the major parts of the world was bound to create across-the-board changes in the life of people. Print media effects the youth both positively and negatively Followings are the positive effects of media: Language The first to benefit from the printed words is the language itself. Younger people are far from knowing the standard language of their land. The printing of books and letters in high number standardizes the languages and make them an effective tool of communication by setting certain meanings of words, phrases, symbols and signs. Knowledge of science and technology The newspapers and manuals proved a great success in highlighting the work of scientists and new ideas on technologies. Spreading the science ideas across the World, the print media worked as a catalyst for informing the youth as well as everyone about what’s going on around. Due to all this awareness, mostly younger people become enthusiastic to perform and help in the development of their homeland. Politics Print media plays a very important role in developing a sense of politics in youth. Gathering all the political news for print media such as newspapers, magazines etc. they become aware of their country’s political situation and about what’s best for their country. They understand who to keep and who to put away. In this way they become a key to their country’s success. Education The print media has been largely responsible for running educational campaign for ordinary people. Not only pieces of information or news are conveyed to readers, experts from almost all the major fields of life, medicine, education, environment, economists and religious scholars write in the print media. This is an enormous thing to be done by the media. Younger generations, after picking all this from print media, lean more towards education. So, print media helps in developing interest of education in youth. Bring world closer The media has been responsible to bring the world closer. It tells similarities in human living and the differences so that people intending to travel due to business, health or educational purposes know in advance about the new land. It tells interesting features, discoveries and historical heritage to urge people to visit each other’s lands and thus know each other better than before. In this way youth gets connected for education, health, business or just-for-fun purposes. In this way, the whole world excels better in every field. Promoting Literacy Print media such as newspapers and magazines can promote youth literacy. In rural communities in the developing world, for example, illiteracy rates may be high in the absence of any reading matter. In such cases, having any kind of readily available print media can be a great benefit. Sports and entertainment: Not that the media is always busy in serious and rather sober matters of education and politics, it has done a great deal of entertainment by reporting articles and information about music, sports and other recreational activities. Younger generation learning all about sports, become enthusiastic to work out and take active part in sports which makes healthy both physically and mentally. Followings are the negative effects of print media: Exploiting Wealth and Beauty: Unfortunately, print media can negatively affect youth. Magazines publish images of women who are abnormally tan, thin and blemish-free. Amid a wealth of such images, girls tend to believe they must look this â€Å"perfect† to be found attractive. Similarly, wealthy, muscular men are portrayed as the ideal in print media, which can emasculate financially struggling boys or men who don’t have â€Å"six-pack abs.† Publishers have set a standard for what â€Å"beauty† is and continue to send unrealistic messages about physical perfection. Promoting Unhealthy Lifestyles: The print media emphasis on wealth and beauty can lead to unhealthy behaviour. Fad diets, for example, may encourage people to lose weight too rapidly. And the status issues and consumerism encouraged by popular print media may encourage people to work longer hours, sacrificing sleep and exercise. And younger people are affected by all this the most as they are not very mature. Wrong Message: The negatives in society are highlighted with the purpose of awakening people about them. For example, the negative effects of addiction are portrayed through advertisements. But unfortunately sometimes, the message is misconstrued. It reaches the masses in the wrong way. What is shown with an intent to ‘spread a message’ ends up becoming a bombardment of the bad, the ugly. The bad is overinflated and the good goes unnoticed. Depiction of the bad has a negative impact on kids not mature enough to interpret what they are being shown. So they may indulge in negative activities. Electronic media: Introduction: In a world influenced by satellite and cyber-space technology, electronic media has a highly significant role to play in shaping the life and destiny of nations. The visual media, notably television, has a stupendous, impact upon moulding human minds and opinion. In the given scenario the electronic media has an onerous responsibility in addressing the socio-economic problems of societies and disseminating unbiased information. This responsibility can be effectively shouldered if the media treads the path of accuracy and objectivity in transmission of its programmes. Definition: Electronic media are media that use electronics or electromechanical energy for the end-user (audience) to access the content. Types: The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general public are better known as video recordings, audio recordings, multimedia presentations, slide presentations, CD-ROM and online content. Any equipment used in the electronic communication process e.g. desktop computer, game console, handheld device, television, radio, telephone, may also be considered electronic media. Electronic media can be subdivided into two main categories: Broadcast media: Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via radio, television, or other, often digital transmission media. Receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of thereof. Broadcast media includes radio, television cable, satellite services and cinemas. Interactive media/Social media: Interactive media is two-way media that allows both companies and customers to send and receive messages between one another. This includes websites, mobile phones, telephone etc. Significance: Life is not a simple thing as it used to be in the past few centuries. People had less demands and less requirements in the past as compare to today. Today people know about their rights and they are also very well aware of their requirements and demands. The importance of education and science cannot also be denied. So far your question that what is the role of media in our life can be explained like this. Media is playing an important role in the systems of present life. People want to remain informed about everything and news, which is taking place anywhere in the world. The world has become a global village and this is because of media only. Now people living in different countries know everything about the people of other countries sitting at home with the help of media. Education has become very easy and understandable with the help of audio and video media because children understand things through them quite easily. The main advantage of media is current information, which is available round the clock and people remain informed about important news through radio, television and other sources. So we can say the role of media is very important in our life. Impact of electronic media on younger generations: The attentional demands of electronic media range from rapt (video games) to passive (much TV), but this is the first generation to directly interact with and alter the content on the screen and the conversation on the radio. Teenagers emotionally understand electronic media in ways that adults don’t — as a viral replicating cultural reality, instead of as a mere communicator of events. For example, portable cameras have helped to shift TV’s content from dramatic depiction’s to live theatre, extended (and often endlessly repeated and discussed) live coverage of such breaking events as wars, accidents, trials, sports, and talk-show arguments. What occurs anywhere is immediately available everywhere. Our world has truly become a gossipy global village, where everyone knows everyone else’s business. Here is how electronic media effects the youth negatively Blind Imitation: When you try to imitate your role models from the glamor industry, do you give a thought to whether you are doing right or wrong? It is often seen that young girls and boys imitate celebrities blindly. The impact of media is such that the wrong, the controversial, the bad is more talked about. Sometimes, little things are blown out of proportion thus changing the way they are perceived by the audience. Media highlights controversies and scandals in the lives of celebrities. The masses fall for this being-in-the-news and end up imitating celebrities without much thought. Those at a vulnerable age, especially children and teenagers are highly influenced by anything that is put before them in a jazzy way. At that age, they are attracted to anything that’s flashy and anything that can make news. Negativity: To some extent, media is responsible for generating negative feelings among those exposed to it. An early exposure to bold or violent films, books publishing adult content and news portraying ugly social practices has a deep impact on young minds. If children are bombarded with fight sequences, stunt work, sex and rape scenes, suicides and murders through books or movies, they are bound to leave a scar on these impressionable minds. And not just children, the unpleasant can impact even an adult’s mind. Adults may have the maturity to distinguish between the good and the bad, but bombarding only the bad can affect anyone at least at the subconscious level. Haven’t you had experiences of a bad dream after watching a violent movie? Or of imagining something scary happening to you after watching a horror film? Or a sudden fear gripping your mind after reading about a murder in your city? The reality should be depicted but not so gaudily that it’ll have a lasting impact on people’s minds. Health Problems: Media has negative effects on the physical and psychological well-being of society. People spending hours in front of a television or surfing the Internet experience eye problems. Lack of physical activity leads to obesity problems. Media influences public opinion and impacts the choices that people make. The media does play a role in portraying thin as beautiful and fat as ugly. It has led to a general opinion that size-zero is the in thing and fat and chubby are out. This makes the overweight feel out of place. They are ready to starve themselves to lose weight. This can and has led to increasing cases of anorexia. An inferiority complex and lowered confidence in people with not-so-perfect bodies can lead to eating disorders. In a survey done on fifth graders by the National Institute on Media and the Family, it was found that kids had become dissatisfied with their bodies after watching a video of a certain very popular artiste and a certain scene from a popular TV show (names omitted on purpose). Right or Wrong Dilemma: The media is so overwhelming that the masses end up believing everything it says/shows. Media sources are so many in number and all of them so convincingly make their point that it is hard to distinguish between right and wrong. The media is constantly bombarding us with information. How far do we go to check its authenticity? How deep do we dig to get to the root of something that’s making news? How critically do we judge the reality of reality shows and the truth behind true stories? We don’t think, we believe. We don’t judge, we get influenced. And that’s how impactive media is.

Discuss how the framers created a strong government limiting its own powers and those of the people.

Discuss how the framers created a strong government limiting its own powers and those of the people. When the framers created the constitution, they created a division of powers that where divided between National, State and local government. This helps more people to get represented by the government and brings government closer to people, it also limit's the power of government and they protect people by creating the "Bill of Rights". Some of the constitution principles was the idea that people have the right to vote, also that government has the consent of the govern, having a limited government, and the separation of powersEvery branch of the government has limited powers, the delegated powers are powers given to the National Government and they are found on the constitution on article 1, section 8. They are 3 types of delegated powers: the express powers are those that are listed on the constitution, the imply powers are those that are not listed on the constitution but they are based on the elastic clause "congress can do what is necessary and proper for the well of the nation ", and the imperative power that it says that only national government is capable of dealing with this problems.Diagram of the Federal Government and American Uni...The powers of the state and national government are separated, the reserved powers are those that belong only to the states and the concurrent powers are those that belong to both state and national government. The powers of branches are also separated and that the powers of each branch limit's the power of the other branches. There are 3 branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch.The executive branch can limit the powers of the other branches by either appealing to the people, recommending legislation to congress, call for a special session of congress or the president can vito, the executives also appoints members to the government, appoint judges...

How to Easily Make Edible Fake Barf

How to Easily Make Edible Fake Barf Making a simulant is a form of chemistry, right? Here are instructions for making your own edible fake barf. Ick! Yet, you might need fake vomit for a gag or costume, right? Edible Fake Barf Ingredients As you can see from the list of ingredients, theres nothing nasty or inedible in this recipe. In fact, its downright nutritious! Feel free to add food coloring if you need a special effect or other ingredients. 1 pkg unflavored gelatinapplesaucepowdered cocoaoatmealraisin bran cerealfrying pankitchen utensils How To Make Fake Barf Heat 1/4 cup of applesauce in the frying pan over low to medium heat.Stir in 1 packet of unflavored gelatin.Add a pinch or two of cocoa powder. Mix thoroughly and remove from heat.Sprinkle oatmeal over the mixture into an aesthetically-pleasing chunky pattern. You can stir it in a bit, but dont mix too much.Repeat the oatmeal procedure with some raisin bran cereal.Spread the barf mixture onto a plate so that it resembles vomit, adding extra raisins or cereal bits, as desired.Allow the barf to cool completely (a couple of hours). Remove it from the plate with a spatula.Have fun! Useful Tips You may wish to spray your plate with nonstick cooking spray to keep the vomit from sticking.Adult supervision is recommended since heat is involved.Please let me know if you come up with alterations to this recipe that make it even more realistic.

Were the American Colonist justified in waging war, essays

Were the American Colonist justified in waging war, essays The following changes in European and English society produced a landless class. Primogeniture, caused children other than the oldest son to be left without land, money, or any inheritance whatsoever. The enclosure movement closed off all pastureland, reducing the amount of farmland. And the agricultural inventions reduced the need for laborors. Population was growing rapidly, and the political balance shifted by 1775 the ratio of colonist to englishmen was 3:1. Englands saluatary neglect toward the colonies, furthered the colonist dislike for them. England began to impose absurd taxes. The Sugar act, an act granting certain duties in the British colonies and plantations in America. The Quartering Act, colonist were required to provide soldiers with living quarters. Stamp Act, required the use of stamped paper for legal documents, diplomas etc. The reason taxes were so looked down upon was because the funds went solely to the British government. Meanwhile The Sons of Liberty were working sercretly to oppose these taxes and later Parlimentary revenue programs. The Intollerable Acts were acts that limited the citizens basic rights as Englishmen and violated English BIll of Rights. The Prohibitory Acts were designed to strike at the economic viability of the colonies and stated that they were staging a rebellion against English authority, also that they had raised an army and had illegally taken over the powers of government, finally that they had stopped trade with the mother country. Colonist were not allowed to print money.Merchantilism was also a disadvantage. Economic initiative was stifiled and colonies were restricted. English merchants gouged tobacco growers putting them in constant debt. English felt the colonies should help pay for their own defense. Leaders from rivalry colonies came together to step toward intercolonial unity. ...

Developmental Interviews Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developmental Interviews - Assignment Example According to Erikson, her developmental level reveals she is age appropriate at Industry versus Inferiority, taking into account her many interests, as well as high level of achievement. According to Kohlberg she is at Stage 2 of Pre-conventional Morality, Individualism and Exchange; she said she would either try a trade off with her sister about borrowing something or just wait until her sister was not available and let her own needs justify using the object. Through interviewing this participant, I was surprised to find her so well read and currently learning Mandarin Chinese as her parents are not bilingual. The challenge was in getting this person to remain focused on the interview and not on everything that entered the room; although she agreed to be interviewed, she had difficulty expressing her feelings, as though she normally didn’t do that very often. I learned that children can be surprising in regards to what they know and are interested in. Adolescence (13-18) Iden tity versus Role Confusion. The young lady I interviewed for this section was 13 years old; she’s in the sixth grade, a ballerina, and on the local Sea Turtle Patrol.

Legal enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal enviroment - Essay Example Furthermore, the essay also intends to explore if an individual is capable of self-regulation and how ethics can influence the regulation process. Issue The main concern in the context of government regulations in business area is that whether such regulations are necessary. The problem with respect to regulations is that thorough imposing them, the activities of people become delimited and thus managed by the government, thereby violating the rights of individuals. By regulations, the choices of people to conduct certain commercial activities are also restricted. Besides, it has also been argued that low regulations in business and low government intrusion can facilitate people and businesses to earn more revenue and thus they can spend more on economic development. However, to a certain extent government regulations in business is necessary in order to support productive business practices. Reasoning According to Jefferson (2012), human beings are able to live in a society, govern themselves by self-imposed regulations and secure the pleasure of life, freedom, property and peace. The basic reasoning behind self-regulation is that people have absolute rights regarding life and liberty to pursue happiness. Government regulations, if considered necessary, are introduced to secure the sanctification of these rights. The main reasoning behind regulations is that government has a responsibility to oversee the activities of people, because they cannot be trusted for making the proper choices. In the context of business, government regulations are used to control such activities which can otherwise result in business and ultimately market failure. For certain individuals, self-regulation is a contradictory element of business, but it also provides several advantages in the field of business. The five potential benefits of self-regulation are immediacy, flexibility, obedience, cooperative interests of industry and resources. On the other hand, self-regulation also has several disadvantages which comprise conflict of interest, insufficient consents, under enforcement, international competition and inadequate resources. Evidently, self-regulations comprise both benefits and limitations. Thus, it is neither an integrally effective nor an ineffective way to govern business conducts. The key challenge is to derive the condition in which self-regulation can be regarded as the proper strategy to encourage ethical behavior and also to find ideal methods of planning self-regulatory organizations. In reaction to corporate frauds, it is reasonable to decide who should regulate the behavior of business organizations and business transactions. In this context, it can be stated that it is not a simple choice to follow either government regulation or self-regulation, rather it is a query of how self-regulation can be utilized (Coglianese et al., 2004). Even if self-regulations have received blame from public due to corporate frauds, it cannot be uninhibited co mpletely. As an alternative, the solution would be to change the inner governance system of the self-regulatory organizations by permitting them new power or altering the level of government observation (Coglianese et al., 2004). Analysis Several sectors of businesses have long complained regarding government regulations and their restrictive characteristics. Government regulat

A View from the Trenches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A View from the Trenches - Essay Example You would inquire from these individuals and find out if the senior managers usually acted that way all the time. This would help you take the next action; for example, if you were the first to be treated that way, you would report to the senior executives immediately through a letter. The other thing would be taking legal action against the senior managers immediately in case you found out that the executives ignored such messages (Collins 47). The final, but ultimate thing would be ensuring that you understand the ethical program of the company. This is because different ethical programs have differing objectives and their meanings may also be different. For example, while some ethical principles aim at differentiating right from wrong, others only describe ethical behavior (Collins 34). As managers, you would have formulated proposals to help the companies understand ethics and formulate efficient ethical programs. This is because complaining in silence did not only harm you, but it continued to harm the organizations. For example, you would propose ethical trainings that would help senior managers to understand why this field is essential and how it may be

_Management_and_Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

_Management_and_Organisations - Essay Example According to Robins and Judge (2011, p. 488), organizational structure refers to a specific pattern in which job tasks are formally grouped, divided and categorized and accordingly coordinated. Division of labor, coordination, communication and workflow etc are influenced by the structure of the organization. Organizations are structured in different ways such as flexible firm, the boundary-less organization, the lean organization, the down-sized organization, empowerment, outsourcing, networking and the virtual organization (Needle, 2010, p. 188). Marks and Spencer has previously layered its organization into several groups and thus considered an elaborate structure, but has recently eliminated a number of layers through the process of de-layering and adopted ‘flat organizational structure’. A flat organization structure is a form of organization with relatively few layers of management and is less bureaucratic (DuBrin, 2011, p. 274). Flat organization structure combine s a number of elements such as low degree of job specialization, loose departmentalization, few levels of management, wider control span, decentralized decision-making and shorter chain of command (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008, p. 190). Marks and Spencer recently reduced many numbers management layers resulting that employees have more responsibility for everything they do. A significant result of flat organization is that remaining managers become highly responsible with larger span of control with more numbers of employees reporting to a particular manager. The Economic situation of Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer operates more than 700 stores across the UK and more than 400 stores in around 44 countries across the Europe, Middle East and Asia (Corporate.marksandspencer.com, 2013). Out of its stores in the UK, around 350 stores are department stores that sell mid-priced apparel, food and household items under the M&S private label brands, including Autograph, Classic and Portfoli o. About 90 percent of its total revenues and profits derive from its home country- UK. Marks and Spencer is the market leader of women-wear, lingerie and menswear. Its market is rigorously competitive as it faces extremely fierce competition from its market players such as Tesco, Next Plc and Asda Plc. Marks and Spencer is a public limited company that sells medium-prices clothes, apparel, and food and home products. Since the 2008 economic downturn, the UK market place was turbulent as UK’s Gross Domestic Product in recent years was revised down, and the government faced difficult to tackle the deficit. Consumers across the UK have relatively better understanding of how to manage their household and spending in difficult times. Marks and Spencer, considering consumers’ concern about spending, implemented certain strategic steps such as promotions, and has found significant rise in its total revenues (Annual Report, 2012). Some factors like quality, value, longevity a nd versatility impacted the general responses to products and services offered by marks and Spencer in recent years. Consumers were found to continually invest in certain staple items looking for products that have longevity and ver

Research paper on at&t Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research paper on at&t - Essay Example Hence, both mobility and wireline services will continue to be the focal point of this company along with ISP services. The leadership at ATT is very active force that is trying to get this company ready for the future. As the concept of virtualization and cloud computing becomes more evident; the CEO of ATT is Randall Stephenson, who made great strides to position the company with his vision of Web 2.0. With the help of his CFO, John Stephens constantly collaborate with the FCC for compliance and earnings propagation. It is clear what his vision as he states, â€Å"We’re restructuring our network to shift from hardware- to software-based systems. These can be updated more quickly and cheaply, so we can stay ahead of our customers’ changing expectations† (â€Å"AT&T Support Center†). The company is a public company that is traded in New York Stock exchange as well. ATT has reported a revenue of around $32 million for their 1Q earnings (â€Å"AT&T Support Center†). ATT has been steadfast in reducing expenses by moving to equipment and assets that are not vendor specific. This has allowed the company to not rely on vendors and harness in-house development and techniques which are crucial for the long run of the company. One of the biggest vision of the company is to invest more in the 4G LTE network and slowly shutting their GSM services(an older technology). From a financial standpoint, it is clear that the organization will reap the benefits because it will be able to use its IP services for voice communications as well(â€Å"Femtocell Operator News and Opinons†) . ATT is famous for offering wireless and wireline services. The first and foremost is an effortless customer service. In the realm of effortless customer service, it is clear that ATT wants to take an initiative to provide effortless customer service via seamless integrations of tools and portals. Moreover, ATT has a grand scheme of vision that is known as 2020.  By 2020, the

_Management_and_Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

_Management_and_Organisations - Essay Example According to Robins and Judge (2011, p. 488), organizational structure refers to a specific pattern in which job tasks are formally grouped, divided and categorized and accordingly coordinated. Division of labor, coordination, communication and workflow etc are influenced by the structure of the organization. Organizations are structured in different ways such as flexible firm, the boundary-less organization, the lean organization, the down-sized organization, empowerment, outsourcing, networking and the virtual organization (Needle, 2010, p. 188). Marks and Spencer has previously layered its organization into several groups and thus considered an elaborate structure, but has recently eliminated a number of layers through the process of de-layering and adopted ‘flat organizational structure’. A flat organization structure is a form of organization with relatively few layers of management and is less bureaucratic (DuBrin, 2011, p. 274). Flat organization structure combine s a number of elements such as low degree of job specialization, loose departmentalization, few levels of management, wider control span, decentralized decision-making and shorter chain of command (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008, p. 190). Marks and Spencer recently reduced many numbers management layers resulting that employees have more responsibility for everything they do. A significant result of flat organization is that remaining managers become highly responsible with larger span of control with more numbers of employees reporting to a particular manager. The Economic situation of Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer operates more than 700 stores across the UK and more than 400 stores in around 44 countries across the Europe, Middle East and Asia (Corporate.marksandspencer.com, 2013). Out of its stores in the UK, around 350 stores are department stores that sell mid-priced apparel, food and household items under the M&S private label brands, including Autograph, Classic and Portfoli o. About 90 percent of its total revenues and profits derive from its home country- UK. Marks and Spencer is the market leader of women-wear, lingerie and menswear. Its market is rigorously competitive as it faces extremely fierce competition from its market players such as Tesco, Next Plc and Asda Plc. Marks and Spencer is a public limited company that sells medium-prices clothes, apparel, and food and home products. Since the 2008 economic downturn, the UK market place was turbulent as UK’s Gross Domestic Product in recent years was revised down, and the government faced difficult to tackle the deficit. Consumers across the UK have relatively better understanding of how to manage their household and spending in difficult times. Marks and Spencer, considering consumers’ concern about spending, implemented certain strategic steps such as promotions, and has found significant rise in its total revenues (Annual Report, 2012). Some factors like quality, value, longevity a nd versatility impacted the general responses to products and services offered by marks and Spencer in recent years. Consumers were found to continually invest in certain staple items looking for products that have longevity and ver

Airport Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Airport - Article Example Airports receive their financial support from the general airport revenue bonds and state grants. However, they also rely on businesses and passengers using the airport. Additionally, the shippers also contribute immensely towards their success in meeting the operating expenses. The funds contribute to its airport successive running. Development has also played a significant role towards reducing aircraft pollutions. For instance, it has led to the production of new designs of airframes that reduce the noise created when a plane or jet displaces air when moving at high speed. Engine manufacturers have also managed to come with engines with reduced velocity of engine exhaust. Additionally, advancement in technology has also led to the replacement of the oldest and noisiest with new quieter technology. Since airports look like small cities, their organization is just like that of a small city. It has departments for purchasing, finance, personnel, and public relations. Additionally, they have fire department that handles fire tragedies. Airport departments enhance the success of activities in airside and groundside capacities. Development of the airport relies on the funds collected. These departments enable air transport to be

Mexicans and Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Mexicans and Discrimination Essay Wetback, spic and beaner are a few of the words people use when talking about a Mexican. Mexican Americans have been the victim of discrimination throughout the history of the United States. Mexicans have a very big stereotype against them. One of the main reasons that they are discriminated against is because of their illegal immigration into the United States. Like many other groups Mexicans immigrated to the United States in search of a better life. Many Mexicans are left with no choice but to come to the U. S illegally because of the cost and obstacles that one has to go through to become a citizen. Because many Mexicans come to the U. S. illegally they are often forced to work physically demanding jobs for less money. Mexican Americans have a long history of experiencing nativism and racism which has resulted in a number of discriminatory conditions and consequences such as, social and geographical segregation, employment discrimination, patterns of abuse at the hands of law enforcement officials, vigilante murder and justice, substandard education, electoral fraud, exclusion from petit and grand juries, forced dislocations from their neighborhoods, voter intimidation, and language discrimination. (Galaviz 2007) Mexicans work under the secondary sector of the Dual labor market. The secondary Dual Labor market has low incomes, little job security, and little training. There are also no rewards apart from wages. Mexicans are forced to work for very low wages either because, as non-citizens, they lack options, or because they may realistically perceive themselves as best off here, even at very cheap wages, than they were back home. (Aponte 1990) For example, many companies offer very poor working conditions and minimum wage because they know that illegal immigrants have no choice but to accept these conditions because of their status. After the United States victory in the Mexican-American War in 1848 a forced treaty was signed. The treaty was known as Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This treaty required Mexico to give up over half its land to the United States in exchange for 15 million dollars. Land given up by Mexico included California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo also guaranteed that Mexican citizens living in surrendered lands would be able to keep property rights and would be given United States citizenship if they remained in surrendered lands for at least one year. However, the property rights of Mexicans were ignored by the United States government and local officials. Mexicans were slowly forced from lands which their families had held for generations in many cases. Many organizations, businesses, and homeowners associations had official policies to exclude Mexican Americans. In many areas across the Southwest, Mexican Americans lived in separate residential areas, due to laws and real estate company policies. This group of laws and policies, known as redlining, lasted until the 1950s, and fall under the concept of official segregation. In many other instances, it was more of a general social understanding among Anglos that Mexicans should be excluded. For instance, signs with the phrase No Dogs or Mexicans were posted in small businesses and public pools throughout the Southwest well into the 1960s. Mexicans were also restricted from being jurors, even if the case involved a Mexican. Schools also discriminated against Mexican children and eventually Mexicans were made to open their own schools. Though times have changed Mexicans are still discriminated against because of the stereotype they are associated with. Many believe that all Mexicans come over here illegally and do not deserve the same rights as citizens do. Even now people believe that Mexicans should be sent back to Mexico and an example of that is Phoenix, Arizona and its Immigration Law.

The Role And The Function Of Leadership Management Essay

The Role And The Function Of Leadership Management Essay What makes a leader. What is leadership. What do leaders do. After 100 years of modern studies, these remain cogent questions. Many writers have offered either general or specific answers over the years, but the discussion continues unabated. People have not yet resolved these questions to the satisfaction of most, and the search for acceptable answers continues. Understanding the role and the function of leadership is one of the most important intellectual tasks of this generation, and leading is one of the most needed skills. The reason is simple. Leaders play a major role in helping us shape our life. Leaders define business and its practice. They determine the character of society. They define our teams, groups and communities. They set and administer government policy. In all walks of life, leaders behavior sets the course others follow and determines the measures used to account for group actions. Success in the new millennium, as in the past, will depend on how well leaders understand their roles, the leadership process and their own values and vision as well as those of their groups. Their behavior sets the course others follow and determines the values and other measures used to account for group actions. Understanding leadership is, like all of the important aspects of life, a thing of the mind more than of an objective reality. Traditionally, leadership has been thought of in terms of the heads, or chief officers of organizations, regardless of the tasks or functions they may perform. It is easy to think about leaders and leadership in terms of authority and headship and to talk about leadership as management. Management, as a role for heads of organizations, involves control over others behaviors and actions. For most people a position of leadership centers around the management role, its tasks and techniques-its technology. It conjures up ideas like controlling interpersonal relations, making decisions, aligning individual member actions and perceptions with corporate goals, planning, budgeting and directing the effort of the several followers engaged in the work with us. The manager role involves insuring that group activity is timed, controlled and predictable. The idea of business management is pervasive and powerful in society. It defines those human attributes which are thought appropriate to success in the formal corporation, like competition, ambition and financial astuteness. The Western myth of managerial man is one of the dominant myths of our age. The central feature of this concept is the idea of management. Since the early days of the twentieth century until today, management has been given prominence over other, some arguably more important, human activities related to emotional needs, wider family relationships and social or intellectual aspirations. For many people, management has become the metaphor of the twentieth and twenty first century, encompassing work, workers and work cultures. In accordance with www.businessdictionary.com, a leader is a person who holds a dominant or superior position within his or her field, and is able to exercise a high degree of control or influence over others. Eight major traits that differentiate leaders from non-leaders are: responsibility, integrity, ability to make decisions, ability to deal with facts, vision of the big picture, optimism, resilience and excellence. There are two types of leaders: transactional and transformational. Transactional leader approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another, while transformational recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower and looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower (Burns, 1972) In order to manage one-on-one communication effectively, a leader has to meet four basic criteria. They are: achievable, inspiring, measurable and shared. Since the result is probably the most important thing in any human activity, it is extremely important for a leader to be achievable. A good leader also has to be inspiring in order to make others achieve. Some people are leaders because of their formal position in an organization or a group, whereas others are leaders because of the way other group members respond to them. These two common forms of leadership are called assigned leadership and emergent leadership. Leadership that is based on occupying a position in an organization is an assigned leadership. Emergent leadership, in its turn, is not assigned by position; rather, it emerges over a period through communication of a leader with his followers. In our contemporary society in order to survive any business has to reshape itself to the needs of constantly changing world. It is not enough to just satisfy consumers needs and wants. In order to withstand severe market competition it has become important to follow consumers ever-changing requirements. Leaders reshape their teams using two ways: episodic and continuous change methods. Each method is used depending on the scale of changes needed and type of the environment a person works in. Also, different exhibition of leadership is needed to perform such changes. Continuous changes take place when a company or a team adapts to the external environment constantly and during a long period of time. Changes appear as endless modifications to working and production processes on micro levels. Working environment constantly evolves, trying to recognize, track and respond to changing market conditions, putting an emphasis on long-run adaptability. This, however, sometimes means organizations or teams inability to remain stable. Leader in this particular case plays a role of a sense maker who redirects changes, however does not play a role of a person who leads the changes in the company. Leadership is revealed through a success of the team in long-run. Episodic changes, on the other hand, are occasional, infrequent and discontinuous changes that dramatically alter the way of doing business inside the company or the team. During a short-run period a group of people strives to adapt to the external environment, being inert and unable to do this using continuous adaptation. Changes take place on macro levels and are usually very distant and global. Leaders are considered as one of the five triggers to such changes. They provide a strong sense of purpose of the change, are passionate, inspire others, making people follow them, and actually make changes happen. Principles of leadership excellence A Focus on Quality The leaders job is to encourage and sustain high-quality products and service to all who have a stake in the groups work. Excellence leadership incorporates ideas that energize and inspire followers to unified action to increase and maintain high-quality services and products. Leaders focus on high-quality performance in all aspects of work. They foster team approaches to task activity that delegate more discretion over the work to the team and to individuals. They set standards of conduct and performance that implement cultural values and behaviors. The leadership model includes encouraging the formation of traditions that foster and inculcate the core-value vision. Often it includes dramatizing the core-value vision in ways that explain and interpret it to organization members. This virtual leadership environment assumes a culture of excellence. Culture includes experience, expectation for the future and values that condition behavior. Without general agreement on acceptable behavior and the values context within which we operate, corporation members are free to follow divergent paths. Coherent, cooperative action is impossible where at least implicit agreement in a common culture is missing. Creating and maintaining a culture conducive to attainment of personal and team excellence goals is, therefore, a hallmark of leadership excellence in any organization. A Focus on Vision The principal mechanism for implementing values and purposes the leader desires is the vision statement. A vision statement is a short, memorable motto or statement that encapsulates the core values of the organization. Creating the statement is a personal task done primarily by the leader. The excellent leader adopts a core-value vision that emphasizes quality improvement values. The impact of vision setting is powerful. It pervades all else the excellent leader does. It is both part of the definition of the excellent leader and the mechanism for integrating context (culture) and technologies. It is the core idea binding the leader and the followers in a common purpose. A Focus on Service Also critical is the need for the leader to address questions of high-quality service in attaining corporate goals. In doing this, leaders act to prepare and then empower followers to be of service. This aspect of the service dimension is similar to the training and education programs managers and leaders have been doing routinely. Excellence leaders see value in helping followers broadly develop their capacity to be of service. They also emphasize high-quality, excellent service levels. The second aspect of the service dimension has to do with the service role of the leader toward followers. The leaders job is not only to encourage and sustain high-quality service by all stakeholders but to provide needed services to all those who have a stake in the groups work. Leaders serve coworkers as their needs arise, so they (the followers) can accomplish their set tasks. Leaders serve followers in ways that energize and inspire them to unified action. The service role casts the leader as a steward in relationships with coworkers. The stewardship role asks the leader to hold in trust the organization, its resources, its people and the common vision of the future. A Focus on Innovation Leaders foster innovation in groups. The leadership model sees the leaders role as transforming the self, followers and the institution to achieve the strategic vision. Leaders see their role as transforming the group. Leaders have a bias for change. They are alert to the expressed and implied needs of customers, employees and clients. They respect both the techniques and the pressures for change. Leaders develop their followers in appropriate ways to enhance them and improve their performance. Leaders love people. They expend large amounts of energy in seeking, developing and expanding the capacities of those around them. Leadership is in the business of making champions. Champions are group members imbued with the leaders vision and capable of moving an idea through all the development phases to full implementation. A Focus on Productivity Improvement Productivity improvement is also a part of the definition of the excellent leader. Leaders take responsibility for improvement in the productive capacity of the group and its members. These leaders have a results-oriented, not activity-oriented, service style. There is an uncompromising commitment to the customer. They inspire others to think, plan and act with the customers need in mind (Fairholm, Real Leadership: How Spiritual Values Give Leadership Meaning, 2011). Productivity, therefore, becomes a function of directed service. Excellence leaders encourage productivity through reward structures contingent upon the demonstration of desired productivity behaviors (Bernard Avolio, 1994). Leaders are focused on reward structures that encourage high-quality work. Leaders provide incentives for stakeholders to change to accommodate the vision values. Rewards in excellent leadership emphasize development of individual capacities and respect for group values, norms, work processes and productivity results. Skills needed for leadership excellence Excellent leadership appears to be an applied capacity. It is action-oriented, and it cannot be learned in classrooms. Of course, some leadership skills are acquired in the normal way through reading, studying and analyzing theoretical propositions and principles. And some leadership capacity is learned through observation of other leaders. But leadership excellence is learned most fully through leadership action. It is a dynamic process. One study of executives in Virginia (Fairholm, Values leadership: toward a new philosophy of leadership, 1991) identified eight categories of skills that seem to define the technology of excellence. They include: Ability to assess the situation Capacity to build on employee strengths Sensitivity to evolving trends Political astuteness Refined sense of timing Capacity to be inspirational Technical (job) competence Ability to focus on a few important things The factors that promote excellence in organizations across the nation include clarity of mission and vision and effective leadership at the top. Leaders select and support service champions (in-house entrepreneurs). They interact closely with both employees and customers. They understand cultures and structures, emphasize process over product and focus on human factors to get a high-quality product. These skills run counter to much of the content of professional business school curricula. These schools teach quantitative analysis and rational decision making as primary technologies. Evidence amassed in leadership excellence suggest otherwise. Unlike management, leadership excellence is more a political process of defining the situation, assessing the strengths of actors, sensing nuances in relationships and acting to focus group resources at the right time. Technical competence in the job to be done is less important than political sensitivity. Preparation for leadership excellence asks embryonic leaders to be political, to be sensitive to the feelings of others and to care about their followers as human beings, not as just cogs in the industrial machine. Leaders who focus too much on traditional managerial goals of tight control will fall short of attainable high-quality performance and can expect failure, even destruction. Quality improvement is a long-term values-change process. There are few quick successes. Attaining high quality requires total employee involvement at all levels in the organization. It is a matter of cultural change to give high priority to quality values and methods. It requires effort by everyone: workers, middle managers and those at the top. Each needs to play a role in changing the culture to value quality and in performing to attain it. Producing high-quality products or services also implies quality-of-work-life factors that are difficult to attain. Leaders need to create a culture that meets the needs of all stakeholders both within and external to the organization. They need to give employees something personally meaningful to commit to before they commit themselves to quality goals or anything else High quality will come only as we move from a situation where workers work because they fear economic deprivation, to a situation where they work because they want to improve themselves and make a difference in the world. It is an empowerment idea.

Integrity in The Crucible :: Essay on The Crucible

?What is left when honor is lost?? Publilius Syrus' quote, though dating from 100 B.C., still seems pertinent to our era (Quotations). Many people still feel that once integrity is lost they are nothing and many are willing to stand up to keep their integrity. Without integrity, we are nothing. During the time that Arthur Miller wrote his most famous play, The Crucible, innocent men and women are accused of having Communist leanings. Their whole lives are ruined in a short amount of time because they refuse to compromise themselves by selling out their friends. Miller tries to make a statement about these unfair trials by comparing them to the Salem witch-hunts and trials of 1692. The main protagonist of his play is a man named John Proctor who is accused of witchcraft but stands up to maintain his name and his honor, even though he is hanged for it. During the H.U.A.C. trials some took stands for their beliefs with the knowledge of possibly being shunned by society. Knowing this, in stead of taking the cowards' way and giving the names of their friends, they refuse to tell the committee anything in the same way that John Proctor stands up against a court that is ruining the lives of innocent people. In The Crucible, a few of the townspeople speak out against the injustice of the magistrates. These include John Proctor, Giles Corey, his wife Martha, Rebecca Nurse, Elizabeth Proctor, and even Reverend John Hale. Proctor refuses to give up his integrity and sign his name to a false confession. He thought it was enough admitting to a lie, but he can not bear to sign a confession when others had died for refusing to give the courts what they want. "Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul, leave me my name!" exclaims Proctor (886). Giles Corey is being pressed to death for not giving the court the name of an innocent person. Even to the end he refuses to give in. "Great stones they lay upon his chest until he plead aye or nay. They say he give them but two words. `More weight,' he says. And died," expl ains Elizabeth (883).

The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Essay examples -- English Literat

The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Commentary on â€Å"The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me† by Eavan Bolland The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me by Eavan Bolland reflects on the last of a love life of a couple during pre-war Paris using a symbol, a ‘Black Lace Fan’. Bolland achieves this through the use of weather imagery, the changing of his tense from past to present, and using literary features such as simile, metaphor, personification and repetition. In the first stanza of the poem, Bolland disconcerts the reader by using the diction â€Å"it† twice, though representing different things. The first ‘it’ represents the lace and the second ‘it’ is used to substitute the climate of the setting. â€Å"It was stifling. /A starless drought made the nights stormy.† This quotation starts building up the tension in the reader’s mind because of the suffocated feeling the poet creates by mentioning the word â€Å"stifling† in a short sentence that creates a frustrated tone. The metaphor describing the stormy night also produces a sense of insecurity through the weather imagery by expressing anxiety through contradicting dictions like â€Å"drought† and â€Å"stormy†. The first two lines of the second stanza have a repetition of the word â€Å"they† as the first word of each line. This repetition is used to create a rhythm and to describe the routine of the man and woman meeting in cafes and the woman always being early. â€Å"They met in cafes. She was always early. / He was late. That evening he was later. / They wrapped the fan. He looked at his watch.† The syntax of this quotation produces a tone that is frantic because the sentences are short and the reader tends to read that part of the poem fast, and with a jerk at the middle of each... ... express that the man was lost and was unheard of, though what happens to the man next is left to the reader’s imagination. The last stanza completely changes subject and describes the actions of a blackbird in a summer morning. The weather once again is a factor in this poem and the climatic conditions are described using the diction â€Å"sultry† and â€Å"heat†. The last sentence, â€Å"Suddenly she puts out her wing – the whole flirtatious span of it† is a personification that is used to express the symbolism of the black lace fan. Finally, this poem reflects upon the story of a loving couple and the significance of the black lace, in the woman’s life, who loses her man. The poem is expressed by the use of weather imagery, the changing of tenses from past to present, and also the use of literary features such as metaphors, simile, personification and repetition.

Bleeding Kansas Essay

Before the Civil War, the territory of Kansas was unsettled as a slave state or a free state. This caused a conflict over who should settle this territory, right before the Civil War. This conflict was also called â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†. Later on, popular sovereignty, played a key role before the Civil War. The Kansas Territory became the center of attention in the battle between North and South over expanding slavery into the territories. Those southerners who voted for the Kansas-Nebraska Act (splitting the territory into two areas) assumed that Kansas would enter the union as a slave state. The Republican Party, however, wanted to repeal the Kansas-Nebraska Act and restore the provision in the Missouri Compromise that prohibited slavery in Kansas. Northern abolitionists began to work under the rules established by Senator Douglas, popular sovereignty, in order to get Kansas admitted as a free state. Both sides of the slavery question sent settlers into the territory of Kansas, in hopes of outnumbering the other side, and electing a territorial legislature and a future state constitution that would either outlaw, or permit slavery. So called â€Å"border ruffians† raided into Kansas creating violence on both sides of the issue. The most famous was John Brown, a noted abolitionist who felt he was called by God to free the slaves in the South and West. In 1856, a group of border ruffians raided Lawrence, Kansas, an anti-slavery town, burning the buildings and killing one citizen. Five days later, John Brown and his sons and followers raided a settlement along Pottawatomie Creek and ordered five proslavery Kansans executed with a farmer’s scythe. The fighting that continued in Kansas became known as â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† and was a sign of the Civil War to come. The popular sovereignty stirred up sectional tensions because it overturned the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which stated that slavery would not expand into any western territory north of Missouri’s southern border. This made antislavery northerners angry because they wished to stop the spread of slavery in the west, and they felt popular sovereignty was just another tool of the â€Å"slave power. † Their resistance in turn made southerners angry since hey wanted the spread of slavery and felt the Kansas-Nebraska Act had been lawfully passed, therefore northerners couldn’t resist it. The act also led to exacerbated sectional tensions between the people of Kansas and Nebraska; for both northerners and southerners moved there to influence the vote and this resulted in riots. These riots further caused discord among antislavery Northerners and proslavery Southerners, who thought Kansas and Nebraska, should be anti or pro slavery, respectively. All these events stirred up and were some of the key cause of the Civil War over slavery.

Battle of Monmouth

June of 1778, General Washington is planning to attack General Sir Henry Clinton and his troops as they march from Philadelphia to New York. Washington sent 5,000 men with Major General Charles Lee to attack the British rear guard. Lee is forced to retreat, but Washington is ready for the British with the main army. In the end the both sides had claimed victory. Near Monmouth County Courthouse, the battle was fought on June 28, 1778. The weather was so hot on the day of the battle that many soldiers suffered from heat stroke.Many of Washington’s officers favored his plans to attack General Clinton, but Major General Lee was against it. Lee felt that after their alliance with the French, that they shouldn’t attack the British unless they have overwhelming superiority. Washington decided to send 4,000 men to attack Clintons rear guard, Lee turned down command of the force. After Washington raised the amount of men to 5,000, Lee demanded to be given command. Lee was given strict orders to hold a meeting to determine the plan of attack with his officers.During the meeting, Lee told the officers to be alert for orders during the battle instead of planning it out. When they encountered the British, Lee quickly lost control. After this the British moved to flank Lee’s men, when Lee saw this he ordered a retreat. Washington had been bringing the main army up when he saw Lee’s forces retreating. Washington located Lee and dismissed him after not receiving a satisfactory answer as to what had happened. Washington rallied Lee’s men and held off the British just long enough to set positions in the west. After fighting till sometime in the late afternoon, the British retreated.Washington hoped to pursue but his men were exhausted from fighting all day in the heat. The Battle of Monmouth was the last major battle fought in the north during the war. After the battle the British had held up in New York and focused on the southern colonies. Le e requested a court martial to prove his innocence from any wrong doings after the battle. Washington then filed formal charges against Lee, where he was found guilty and suspended. During the Battle a woman who was bringing water to American artillery men is said to of taken over firing for her husband when he had fallen.

Critique of an Article - Organizational Development and Change Essay

Critique of an Article - Organizational Development and Change - Essay Example The change process at ABA trading company, operating in Germany have been described in three steps including change initiative, change implementation process and sustainable change process. The organization has passed through the change in strategy, organizational culture, management, and leadership and employee orientation. Before explaining the process of change, understanding why ABA Company felt the need to bring the change is important. Actually, as a strategic response to increasing competition, ABA Company decided to go international. The organization was restructured into three divisions and the administrative service was decentralized. Instead of just only restructuring, the organizational change of ABA appeared to be a complete integrated process, in which along with structural change, change in strategy, culture etc. were also introduced. Various companies think short term and ignore the link between restructuring and strategy, however, for restructuring to be successful, long-term strategy should be linked to organizational restructuring. Like various other organizations, restructuring and downsizing poses great threats for the organization because the level of trust, commitment and morale of the employees may go down. Same thing happened in this case, therefore, to reduce the negative impact of the change process; the organization felt the need to analyze the behavior and attitude of people towards this change. First it was observed that before the change process, the culture of company was paternal and supportive. The leadership was caring and highly relational psychological contracts used to exist between organization and its members. The commitment was brought by job security and lifelong employment. Bill felt the need to support the change process, instead of just informing the employees about bringing the change and for a continuous observation and evaluation of organizational members; a team of researchers was hired. The researchers of

Systematic Review and Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systematic Review and Synthesis - Essay Example presence of hypothermia on admission was correlated with worse outcomes including ICU LOS, functional outcomes (GCS and Glascow Outcome Scored-Extended), and death in their sample of brain injured patients Binks et al (2010) carried out a study to determine how many intensive care units in the United Kingdom were using Hypothermia as part of their post-cardiac arrest management. The study was conducted in all UK ICUs that were present in the 2008 UK directory of critical care. However, the information important to this study was obtained 243 intensive care units (98.4%). After carrying out the study, Binks et al (2010), found out that out of 243 investigated intensive care units, about 85.6% (208) had used therapeutic hypothermia for patients after suffering from cardiac arrest. Further, out of the ICUs using therapeutic hypothermia; 206 (99%) usually or sometimes considered the use of TH in patients who had an out of hospital VF/ Ventricular tachycardia (VT) arrest. In addition, 126 (61%) usually or sometimes used TH after patients had undergone pulse less electrical activity (PEA). Finally, 132 (64%) usually or sometimes used TH following in-hospital cardiac arrest. The study showed that the use of TH in the United Kingdom’s intensive care units had increased after the introduction of the international Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommendations. Several intensive care units across UK have decided to use therapeutic hypothermia to treat patients suffer from cardiac arrest. Clinical practice based on previous research (evidence based practice) has since shaped the way patients are being cared for. Clinicians had decided to use the available research on therapeutic hypothermia to treat cardiac arrest patients. According to Thompson, Catherine and Mitchell (2010), the presence of hypothermia on admission was correlated with worse outcomes including ICU length of stay (LOS), functional outcomes (GCS and Glascow Outcome Scored-Extended), and

Short Story A short story about somebody who visits their friends Essay

Short Story A short story about somebody who visits their friends house and uses their computer. When their computer breaks down he blames his friend, before realising their was a fault with their computer - Essay Example He repeats this ritual five times. Although he is not a drinker, an insidious hangover would torture him the next morning reminding him of his wasted time after long nights of Internet bingeing. Like most addictions, the rationale for such behavior did not make any sense. Online high school behavior is just as bad as or even worse than high school itself. Online or not, gossip has no face time. Joe barges in with his IPod plugged into his ears and loud as it could be. He is wearing black jeans, a punk-studded belt tilted to the side, and a cap that says KORN. Joe has that hyperactive, ADHD intensity of waiting to entertain. â€Å"Alright look, I swear this is worth it. It’s unlike anything on the Web that is out there. It’s not some lame maze game where the Exorcist girl comes screeching at your screen. It’s no pop up windows full of false-hope million dollar jobs or anything like that.† Joe wears the posterity of a salesman, only he doesn’t have the matching outfit to compliment it. Just as Oscar was about to utter his first response to Joe’s obvious bogus Science Fiction field trip, the monitor shines a bright white that permeates the screen like a soft mist. Then the screen slowly zooms into black. Feeling spooked, Oscar felt an odd inclination to get out of there. Joe nonchalantly follows behind him. The parents weren’t home, so he couldn’t get their help. Oscar opens the door, but it is walled in with bricks. â€Å"Server Error† is chalked on the brick wall. However, they are able to escape through a window. The neighbourhood is not the same. The apartment building looks fragile like cardboard. The street tight ropes into a singularity that Joe or Oscar can’t quite make out. Joe and Oscar walk further down and notice the sides of everything have diminished. It’s a two-dimensional world. Oscar, in disbelief, continues to walk

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan Essay

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan - Essay Example . and um... the 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony... and um... Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues... um... Swedish movies, naturally... Sentimental Education by Flaubert... uh... Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra... um... those incredible Apples and Pears by Cezanne... uh... the crabs at Sam Wos... uh... Tracys face.. This dialogue of Isaac (Woody Allen) revealed the philosophy and thesis of the film Manhattan. It disclosed Isaac’s mundane interpretation of life that he has to create a â€Å"fantasy† to make existence bearable. If we notice the contents of his dialogue, there is nothing metaphysical about it but is rather confined to the aesthetics of life such as Groucho Marx, Wilie Mays, 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony, Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues, Swedish movies, Sentimental Education by Flaubert, Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra, the crabs at Sam Wo and Tracy’s face (his 17 year old lover whom he broke up to have a relationship with Mary and later attempted to go back at her). It also revealed Woody Allen’s (who happened to write the film also) artistic inclination of his interpretation about life. The hesitation, content and seeming incongruity of this dialogue posits that for an individual living in a city like Manhattan have a meaning in life, one has to create a fanstasy, filled with indulgence (Crabs at Wo’s) and aesthetics. For Woody Allen, life is basically meaningless that one has to look for distractions through fantasy to fill the void. In Allen’s perspective, this distractions will keep our mind away from the ugly truth and inevitabilities of life. That after all of our pursuit, death will eventually come after an inevitable sickness, and we will all die. Such is life, that we might as well entertain ourselves in between. While I admire the artistic rendering of Woody Allen’s film Manhattan, I do not necessarily agree with his thesis that we have to distract ourselves from the

Knowledge of the Main Changes that Go With the Divorce Research Paper

Knowledge of the Main Changes that Go With the Divorce - Research Paper Example Ross (1972) argued that parental discernments are a product of both the child's behaviour and the parent's acceptance level. It appears credible that depression influences individual differences between parents in their acceptance for a variety of child behaviours. Clinical symptoms that co-vary with depression, such as distractibility and restlessness, may increase the possibility that single mothers will selectively attend to moderately low-frequency inapt behaviour, forming impressions of her children's alteration that are not acceptable by objective counts of behaviour. Alternately, parental depression and distress may raise attention to moderately high-frequency rebellious behaviours that were not interpreted as worrisome prior to the inception of personal distress. On a behavioural level, changes in perceptions might result in the inconsistent use of ineffective child-management strategies and dictatorial control (e.g., beta commands) at a time when parents seek to bound intera ctions with their children. The net consequence of such dynamics might be the expansion of what Patterson (1982) has termed coercive styles of family interactions. One of the issues linking to the emotional pattern of this kind of family breakdown is that of the divorce process, which shows the way to families living in single-parent households and eventually to the remarriage of one, if not both, parents and the formation of stepfamilies. This process, now believed likely to occur to one marriage in every three, also consequences in one in five children experiencing the divorce of their parents and the succeeding remarriage of at least one of them (conceivably more than once) during childhood.

The way America is a dominant force Essay Example for Free

The way America is a dominant force Essay In terms of national identity, identify and analyse some of the roles television plays in the processes of globalization and identity formation. Discuss with reference to at least two British TV programs. In this essay I will be looking at the way television has an impact on the way has an affect on the way globalization, culture and identity is formed. To look at this I will be looking at the way America is a dominant force when it comes to marketing there shows to other countries and the way British shows have difficulty being accepted and also how British shows manage to create an identity through they way they act. American sitcoms have been a constant success in this country with such successful imports such as Friends, Seinfeld and Frasier, but what is the reason for there success in this country, looking at globalization, culture and politics I hope to discover why this is. First I will be looking at what globalization is and how this affects the way different programs from around the world are received, I will look at the differences in culture between not just the UK and America but various other countries that there shows are exported to. What is globalization in television? Since the 1980s there has been a steady rise in the transnational television in terms of that more than ever people own television sets and the fact that new technology has such as satellite and cable has allowed access to a completely new market. This has then lead to questions being raised about culture and cultural identities due to the fact that programs are now being beamed from all around the world. To understand how global television works you must first understand society since global television has an impact on society because when shows are being shown to different societies that there is always a different reaction to them. According to Kellner (1990) there is in excess of 750 million television sets being used in over 160 countries that are being viewed by over 2. 5 billion people a day. No doubt these figures have reached even a higher number today due to the fact there is now digital television and cable. The main fact with television that it is always changing, and what is yesterday is not what it is today, and what it is today is not what it will be tomorrow. However with television continuing this change, and as it continues its global expansion that there has been an uneven shift towards the west and in particular the USA. With the television originally being developed in the west and especially in America this has caused a shift in Americas favor so therefore they have been able to dictate what is shown not only in there country but by exporting there products to the rest of the world. However even though this is the main trend at the moment of America one way influence over the rest of the world this is not what globalization is about, globalization is more about a multi-directional and a multi-dimensional set of processes. Global television although it has allowed the development of new technologies with the influx ok Sky television and cable, has also been met with skepticism due to the fact that some countries prefer that the majority of there programs are created from there own country however with the dominance of America in the television market and there technology especially with Sky TV, this has been hard to regulate. Most countries have described these as threats because they believe that within the economics of television, the regulation of television and the identities, especially national identities, which are deemed to be in part the product of national television services. In other word what they are saying is that the majority of shows on there national television should be produced from there own country, and not to be overawed by Americas dominance and say no to all there imports. However this is a hard thing to do, due to the fact of Americas power and there development of new technology that has helped bring forward the Television, so with countries accepting this new technology there are therefore also accepting the influx of America shows. Although there is a reluctance to accept these shows, Im not talking about a reluctance to accept one or two shows. Im talking about accepting a lot of shows that outnumber countries own creations., however when the shows are shown and they become a success the channels controllers decide then to import more and more shows therefore they will start to outnumber there own shows. But if they are so against then importation of these shows why do they import so many, its because they are a success and they attract viewers, this will now lead on to why are these shows successful in our country. In Britain the dominant television company was the BBC this had dominated the television scene since it was created in the 1920s, until 1954 when the television act brought commercial television into the frame. The first such television station set up was Independent Television (ITV). The 1954 act had obliged that the ITV adopt norms of quality and balance, which were in essence the same of the public service developed by the BBC. In the 1980s another channel was set this was, Channel 4, unlike both the BBC and ITV channel 4 was not a maker of programs but a publisher, programs that were watched on channel either came from a mixture of ITV companies, imports or independent producers, this allowed the channel to show a different variety of programs that would not follow the same pattern as a BBC show, another purpose with channel 4 is to experiment with shows to bring in something that is not the same trend and to play with form and content. With the introduction of BskyB and cable, there was a limited impact at first, however over the years the performance picked up due to the fact there were more people getting Sky and Cable, and also there was an even more diversity of shows coming from the USA. This was shown according to the magazine Screen Digest, that in 1994 there was a market penetration of 12. 4 per cent rising to 14. 8 percent and in 1992 the BskyB audience share 4. 8 per cent (the Guardian august 1992) but this had risen to 8. 5 per cent (screen digest 1995) this was showing that even though it was a slow and steady process but cable and sky where both starting to become dominant forces in the television markets. Comparing how we run and regulate our television companies to America is a good way of seeing how the different cultures accept the way there television Is run, already I have looked at the way the British television system is run, now I will look at the way the American television system is run. The way the American television is organized is very complex, there are many players as they call them, these are the television stations, the networks and the productions companies, at the moment there are over 700 television companies, these stations serve the area that they are in geographically by purchasing and transmitting programs. There are not many television stations that produce there own programs apart from the news, so the majority of programs come from either the networks such as FOX and HBO or from production companies. In America a majority of television is also filled with advertising, these adverts are a massive source of income for the networks, especially when there are huge events going on for example the superbowl, as this is one of the biggest sporting attractions in America and millions of people will watch it therefore there has always been a bidding war to get there adverts shown at this time. That is one major difference compared to the way television is run in Britain, the American television network is dominated by adverts where as we have channels such as the BBC channels that do not rely on adverts. Compared to British television stations, American networks are by law not allowed to produce any primetime material, therefore this stations rely a lot on production companies to make there shows, this is the complete opposite to the BBC, who will produce there own shows. But even though our stations produce our own shows, and American networks rely on outside productions companies, why is it that there shows are more successful in our country than our shows are in America? Is it to do with culture, already have I explained the difference in the way that the American and British television systems are different, but why is it that we easily accept these shows on to our channels. One reason I believe that these shows are shown over here and why there is so many is that fact that the majority of the American shows are shown on channel four, channel four being the channel that is most like a American network as it relies on independent productions and therefore will export shows that are successful in other countries. Looking at American shows compared to British shows, British shows tend to be more about there won culture and how Britain is, although there is a tendency to see that Americans are very patriotic, I believe that this is not represented in there shows compared to British shows.