Description of microbial journal article review Essay

Description of microbial journal article review - Essay Example screening, even before the advent of sexual activity in young girls can serve to enlighten people about prevention strategies and the need for vaccination. However, there are many factors which prevent the participation of susceptible young people in screening programs. Agurto et al, 2004 in their study have endeavored to identify the barriers to cervical screening that exist among Latin American women, a region where cervical cancer is rampant. The authors have hypothesized that unknown factors exist which prevent the populations in these countries from participating in cervical screening programs. The authors have tried to identify the barriers which prevent populations in the Pan American countries from participating in screening programs, which they feel need to be removed, as screening programs in other countries such as the US and Canada have succeeded in reducing the incidence of HPV ( Agurto et al, 2004) By following a common theoretical and methodological approach, the authors conducted five separate qualitative studies in Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, El Salvador and Peru which incorporated questionnaire based study protocols aimed at the affected females; their male partners as well as the healthcare professionals as the prime focus groups to identify their perception of the existing barriers which prevented the people from participating in screening programs. Appropriate statistical tools were used for the analysis. The main barriers encountered as per the responses of the interviewed focus groups in the region were anxiety, negligence on part of the sufferer as well as healthcare professionals, poor accessibility to healthcare facilities, lack of education and financial resources, examination at public places for the Pap smear test, lack of follow up and poor management by local healthcare professionals. Diagnostic tests were believed to be unreliable by many interviewed people who felt that the results were not conveyed in a timely manner. The

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Human Resource Management - Essay Example As per the X and Y theory postulated by McGregor (1960) there are two broad categories of leadership styles having two different beliefs and assumptions about subordinates. This theory is called theory X and theory Y. The theory X style of leaders believes that most people dislike work and will avoid it wherever possible. If people do work as desired, they may even get monetary or other rewards. Theory Y leaders assume that people will work hard and assume responsibility if they can satisfy their personal needs and objectives and goals of their organization. Before adopting a particular style of leadership an effective leader needs to examine carefully his ideas about the motivation and behavior of subordinates. The authoritarian style of leadership is assuming that the power of leaders is derived from the position they occupy and the people are lazy and unreliable.[Bass,B.M 1960,New York, Leadership, psychology and organizational behavior. Harper and Brothers] The leadership styles discussed so far applies to the top and middle levels of the organization. Control is also an issue at lower level in organizations where supervisors must directly control subordinates, which is called supervisory control. Output control and behavior control are the two types of supervisory strategies available to managers. Output control is based upon written records that measure employee outputs and productivity. Behavior control is based upon personal observation of employee behavior and procedures. It is a time consuming process because it requires personal surveillance. [Daft, Richard, Organization theory and Design, west publishing company, 1989] Surveillance is the Behavior control method based upon personal observation of employee behavior and procedures. This method is normally carried out at the lower level by the supervisors. Supervisory practices contribute significantly to organizational climate. The degree of trust or its absence among