Police Enforcement And The Security Of The Virtual City...

Abstract This essay is an examination of community policing as it relates to the interests of the Virtual City Police Department. Advances in technology has changed police work, officers are incorporating technology and sophisticated investigative techniques to solve crimes. This essay will focus on the pros and cons of community policing in a modern society, where police officers must rely more on technology and forensics than citizens to solve crimes and apprehend criminals. Introduction Police have been linked to citizens since the reform era redefined the nature of the relationship between police and citizens (Kelling, Moore, 1988). The new model demanded an impartial law officer who related professionally, neutrally, and in distant terms to citizens. Weaknesses in the model were displayed through a decentralized organizational structure which failed to provide supervision to patrol officers, resulting in a rise in police corruption (Kelling, Moore, 1988). Continuing reformations put officers in automobiles reasoning that the automobile would increase the extent of the patrol and give the officers a greater advantage over criminals (Kelling, Moore, 1988). As more officers patrolled in automobiles the rapport of community relations was lost, officers were no longer an intimate part of the community structure. The decline in contact between the citizens and police was not helped by the centralization of precincts, as smallerShow MoreRelatedEssay On Drug Contro l892 Words   |  4 PagesAs the Security Chief of the state Correctional Facility and Detention Center I must utilize the resources that are available to me to take and maintain the control within both facilities since both feeds criminals into each other. 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How Fashion Blogs Use The Language Of Evaluation - 1745 Words

I am a devoted follower of fashion blogs, which allows me to read about the very latest fashion from local, national and international sources. Fashion bloggers need to be very knowledgeable of trends and upcoming events if they want to inform the public of these. For fashion bloggers the purpose is not to write essays like magazine articles but short paragraphs evaluating trends and events. Here I will attempt to discuss and demonstrate how fashion blogs use the language of evaluation. Fashion bloggers need to be careful when evaluating fashion trends and designers in order to express an opinion, as this may cause offense to designers and people who may like the trends. Fashion blogs have helped to promote new trends to a greater degree†¦show more content†¦Fashion blogs have a very similar content to fashion magazines, giving opinions about new trends and apparel. Retailers in the fashion industry have even started their own blogs to promote their products to persuade people to buy their products. Karen Kay stated that: â€Å"These days, before a designer’s runway show has even finished, you can bet your bottom dollar that someone in the audience, or better still, backstage, has recorded every silhouette, signature shoe, styling detail and sulking supermodel, then uploaded it on onto the internet for style watchers across the globe to enjoy.† This is in fact true and can often be seen in the format of live streaming videos of major fashion events. A fashion blogger has their own style of expressing opinions and making judgments, using the language of appraisal to explore, describe and explain fashion, while building interpersonal relationships between the reader and the blogger. Appraisal identifies three ‘systems’ for analysing the interpersonal resources of language, the attitude system, the graduation system, and the engagement system. The attitude system, which is essentially used to express emotional responses, uses language tools of affect to convey ranges of feelings such as unhappy to happy or, distraught to ecstatic. The appreciation system expresses the value of things and processes, in terms of theirShow MoreRelatedArchitecture Of Participation : Architecture And Participation1476 Words   |  6 Pages2.2 Architecture of participation Architecture of participation refers to the default set of Web applications designed to track users’ digital footprint the original intention is to aggregate user data and build value as a side effect of ordinary use of applications(O Reilly., 2005). 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When Gap was founded in 1969, its targeted customers were younger generations (hence the name of the store, which refers to the generation gap of the time). Gap s originally sold signature

Master of Business Administration †Semester Free Essays

Linear programming Is a specific case of mathematical programming (mathematical optimization). More formally, linear programming is a technique for the optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. (b) A toy company manufactures two types of dolls, a basic version doll- A and a deluxe version doll-B. We will write a custom essay sample on Master of Business Administration – Semester or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each doll of type B takes twice as long to produce as one of type A, and the company would have time to make maximum of 1000 per day. The supply of plastic Is sufficient to produce 1000 dolls per day (both A B combined). The deluxe version requires a fancy dress for which there are only 500 per day available. If the company makes a profit of RSI 3. 0 and RSI 5 per doll, respectively on doll A and B, then how many of each doll should be produced per day in order to maximize the total profit. Formulate this problem. Mans. Let XSL and XX be the number of dolls produced per day of type A and B, respectively. Let the A require t hrs. So that the doll B require at hrs. So the total time to manufacture XSL and XX dolls should not exceed 20th hrs. Therefore, + text s 20th Other constraints are simple. Then the linear programming problem becomes: Maximize p = ex. ; 5 XA Subject to restrictions, XSL + XX 1500 (Plastic constraint) XX 600 (Dress constraint) And non-negatively restrictions 2. What are the advantages of Linear programming techniques? Mans. Advantages-? 1 . The linear programming technique helps to make the best possible use of available productive resources (such as time, labor, machines etc. ) 2. It improves the quality of decisions. The individual who makes use of linear programming methods becomes more objective than subjective. 3. It also helps in providing better tools for adjustment to meet changing conditions. 4. In a production process, bottle necks may occur. For example, in a factory some machines may be in great demand while others ay lie idle for some time. A significant advantage of linear programming is highlighting of such bottle necks. 5. Most business problems involve constraints like raw materials availability, market demand etc. Which must be taken into consideration. Just we can produce so many units of product does not mean that they can be sold. Linear programming can handle such situation also. 3. Write a note on Monte-Carlo simulation. Mans. Simulation is also called experimentation in the management laboratory. While dealing with business problems, simulation is often referred to as ‘Monte Carlo Analysis’. Two American mathematicians, Von Neumann and Ulna, in the late sass found a problem in the field of nuclear physics too complex for analytical solution and too dangerous for actual experimentation. They arrived at an approximate solution by sampling. The method they used had resemblance to the gambler’s betting systems on the roulette table, hence the name ‘Monte Carlo’ has stuck. Imagine a betting game where the stakes are based on correct prediction of the number of heads, which occur when five coins are tossed. If it were only a question of one coin; most people know that there is an equal likelihood of a head or a tail occurring, that is the probability of a head is h. However, without the application of probability theory, it would be difficult to predict the chances of getting various numbers of heads, when five coins are tossed. Why don’t you take five coins and toss them repeatedly. Note down the outcomes of each toss after every ten tosses, approximate the probabilities of various outcomes. As you know, the values of these probabilities will initially fluctuate, but they would tend to stabilize as the number of tosses are increased. This approach in effect is a method of sampling, but is not very invention. Instead of actually tossing the coins, you can conduct the experiment using random numbers. Random numbers have the property that any number is equally likely to occur, irrespective of the digit that has already occurred. How to cite Master of Business Administration – Semester, Papers

Does a Parents Expectations Affect the Behavior of Their Children Why or Why Not free essay sample

Parents expectations affect the behavior of their children because they get motivated and have self-expectation. Parental expectations can be beneficial in helping the child reach success. The beneficial Parental expectations are that it can encourage kids to do better, never gave up, and to go for success. Parents who always praise their children for doing a good job can encourage their children to do even better. And this is because they know that if they work harder their parents will praise them. This can cause the child to thrive at everything they do, like getting high score on the SAT, getting in great school , getting better grades and doing great in sports. Parental expectations can be detrimental in how a child view its capabilities. Parent’s high expectations can affect their children’s self-esteem. Their children might have lower expectation of what they are capable of. Parents who are disappointed with their child’s Academic performances discourage their children. We will write a custom essay sample on Does a Parents Expectations Affect the Behavior of Their Children? Why or Why Not or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parents who compare their kids with other people’s kids can cause their kids to become distress, which can also lead their child to rebel on their parents. Parents who do this to their child make them think that their parents do not care about them or what they want. The child starts to do bad at school and they may join the wrong crowd. A parent’s high expectations will cause their child to reach their breaking point. A parent’s high expectations for their child can lead their relationship to become strain. Parents who have low expectations for their child can cause their child to think that they cannot do anything other than what their parents think they can do. This can cause the child not to challenge him or herself. Parents should keep their expectations reasonable. They should not compare their kids to other people’s kids because not everyone think alike or are the same. Parents should always praise their child whenever they work hard and they should always encourage them to do better.

The Theory of Psychological Egoism

Introduction The story of Tony, Claire and Beth confirms the theory of psychological egoism. According to the theory of psychological egoism, everyone is selfish and this is built in the nature of human beings. We therefore can not avoid acting selfishly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Psychological Egoism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tony, Claire and Beth in one way or another have decided to give up their comfort to support another’s life. Each one of them is providing support to another’s life in order to gain some fame or feel good about himself or herself although their acts may seem acts of self-sacrifice. According to Psychological egoism, self-less good deeds do not exist. Beth feels good about herself for providing support for her sick mother. She becomes too busy with her mother and forgets about the emotional needs of Tony. Claire also decides to offer support to both B eth and Tony, but this is seen an opportunity to feel good about herself and be popular to the two and most likely to ward off future bad events. Tony also offers his support to Beth so as to maintain the relationship between them. To satisfy his ego, Tony decides to get into another relationship behind Beth’s back. Tony took advantage of Beth’s situation because he was sure he would get away with it (Rosentand, 2005). Ethical Theory Subscribers According to the theory of ethical egoism, we should always be selfish in our actions in order to protect or achieve our interest. Proponents and believers of ethical egoism are guided by utilitarianism where actions are guided by the consequences it could have on the individual. The consequences of the action taken by the individual have to be beneficial to him or her. We should therefore treat others in a way that gives an opportunity to receive the same treatment should the same thing happen to us.Advertising Looking fo r essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having in mind that what goes around could sometimes come around; a subscriber to the theory of ethical egoism knowing he or she could also be cheated on may decide to tell Beth the truth in order to strengthen the relationship between them. This would give him or her opportunity to be told the truth whenever his or her fiancà ©e cheats behind his or her back. To some subscribers of ethical egoism, it would not matter how the relationship ends as long as he or she maintains a close friendship with Beth. The golden rule guiding ethical egoist usually emphasizes the self and not others. Subscribers of ethical egoism believe that it is okay to treat others in a manner that would work to your advantage as long as you are sure you will benefit from it. This means that in this case, whatever happens to the relationship is the least of a proponent’s problem as long as he or she ma intains friendship with Beth. On the other hand, a subscriber to the theory may decide to keep the secret as if he or she knows nothing about what the problem could have been. This could be driven by the fact that he or she would also not want his or her relationships to be interfered with should he or she also decide to cheat on his or her fiancà ©e. This is likely to be done by those who want to shield Tony and could even decide to give Beth other excuses for Tony’s past behavior. Such a subscriber believes that by defending Tony, he or she would receive the same when caught in the same situation. Solution According to the theory of psychological egoism, Tony had applied his invisibility during Beth’s commitment to her mother to satisfy his emotional needs. His perceived invisibility led him into temptation which made him involve in a short temporary relationship.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Psychological Egoism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, such weak characters have to be punished or at least made to realize their mistakes. Tony’s act of selfishness should be counseled and Beth be made to know before they get married regardless of how good he had been to Beth. He has to be held accountable for his deeds because actions are results of decisions. However, the counseling should involve both Tony and Beth together. This would help each one them understand his or her mistake leading to the situation. I would counsel Tony to make him reveal what he did and what had led to the temptation and also make Beth understand the part she played in causing the situation. They would therefore both understand what they aught to have done and each be made to apologize for his or her part. Making Tony understand that cheating on his fiancà ©e was not the best and well thought solution would be the most fundamental part of the counseling. The counseling w ould help both of them move forward without any doubts about each other and would also make them free to discuss their feelings about each other. Conclusion From Tony, Claire and Beth’s love story, it is not wise to take the ethical theory perspective in solving the problem. It is appropriate to consider better ethical systems which rise above utilitarianism. The position taken should consider the moral rules as well as duties of each person in making the relationship prosper. Reference List Rosentand, N. (2005). The moral of the story. An introduction to ethics, 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers. This essay on The Theory of Psychological Egoism was written and submitted by user Ulik to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Asian Experiences and Immigration to America Essays

Asian Experiences and Immigration to America Essays Asian Experiences and Immigration to America Essay Asian Experiences and Immigration to America Essay In the 1800s. a common battle exists for Asiatic Americans in the United States. specifically the Chinese and Japanese. The term. individuality is recognized through legion events overtime and these events include the function of Asiatic Americans determining the history of America. It took countless old ages for early Chinese and Nipponese persons to be accepted into American life styles. allow entirely be acknowledged of their ain individualities. There are many similarities. yet many differences between Chinese and Nipponese communities. as shown in Hisaye Yamamoto’s short narrative Seventeen Syllables and Ronald Takaki’s excerpt Gam Saan Haak . Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables expresses the significance behind troubles faced by Nipponese immigrants to the United States. every bit good as the racial separation between these immigrants and their households. The Nipponese immigrant experience many obstructions. such as poorness and unstable matrimonies. Yamamoto’s narrative implicates a adolescent and her female parent. Tome Hayashi who takes an involvement in composing haiku for the Nipponese linguistic communication paper in San Francisco. Her girl nevertheless is practically illiterate to talking Japanese. which is dry since that is her civilization and furthermore. fails to understand the haiku her female parent writes. See Rosie. she said. it was a haiku. a verse form in which she must pack all the significance into 17 syllables ( Yamamoto 154 ) . This is an interesting facet in a sense that while Tome expresses her relevancy on haikus. Rosie pretends to understand the construct and significances of her mother’s acquisition. but realistically she refuses to grok. More significantly. Tome Hayashi merely took an involvement in haiku to get the better of everything that she went through. The truth was revealed when Tome admits to stating Rosie of her yesteryear. As her female parent told her the narrative. Tome remained in control of her life. which is highly hard after garnering that she faced atrocious memories. Rosie was shocked to believe such things. Her female parent. at 19. had come to America and married her male parent as an option to suicide ( 162 ) . Before her male parent. her female parent had met a lover. but merely did she cognize that her lover already had an arranged matrimony by his household. Many of these married twosomes are unsuited for one another and normally. forced to be with one another. Another of import significance is that these jobs were concealed from their kids. which is why Rosie had no thought until the terminal of the narrative. Defeated about her yesteryear. Tome asks Rosie to assure neer to get married and neer be blinded by immature love affair. The narrative portrayed an intergenerational struggle between first coevals and 2nd coevals. What Rosie went through may non hold the same result as her female parent did. Ronald Takaki’s excerpt Gam Saan Haak demonstrates Chinese immigrants as travelers to Gold Mountain ( Takaki 80 ) . Due to difficult economic times. authorities corruptness and lack in China. forced many work forces to prosecute chances overseas. such as the reaching in California. This separated many work forces from their households because there was a control of migration to America. Chinese adult females were excluded by the jurisprudence. which show marks of bias. but alternatively were marked as laundry workers. which was a woman’s occupation ( Takaki 93 ) . Furthermore. Chinese worked in a assortment of businesss: they were housekeepers. retainers. washwomans. dressmakers. cobblers. cooks. mineworkers and fisherwomen. But overpoweringly. particularly in the early old ages. Chinese adult females were prostitutes ( Takaki 121 ) . There were tonss of employments for the Chinese adult females. but most of them were in a status of debt. therefore they turned to the function of being cocottes. Lifes for the cocottes were unreliable because they were beaten on occasions and looked down on based on their position. However. they were tremendously profitable for their proprietors. Since adult females are incapable of working in heavy labour force. it had caused work forces to go off from place to do some money. A great figure of Chinese immigrants came up with the same program to migrate to America. doing the Chinese to do up 25 per centum of the work force. At first they were making great. having concerns such as a tradesman and merchandiser. while some are craftsmans. husbandmans and labour contractors. However. the Americans did non like how the Chinese are taking over their land. A public violence broke out between Americans and Asiatic Americans over the riddance of competition from foreign mineworkers. Takaki generates in his narrative the ultimate solution to forestall Asiatic immigrants from progressing any longer in the work force. To halt the menace. the commission recommended the passage of a foreign miners’ licence tax ( Takaki 81 ) . This signifier of bitterness towards the Chinese was highly unjust. The racial intent of this new revenue enhancement was crystalline: aimed chiefly at the Chinese. this new revenue enhancement required a monthly payment of three dollars from every foreign mineworker who did non want to hold become a citizen ( Takaki 82 ) . This jurisprudence imposed on the immigrants was chiefly an act to drive away Chinese immigrants and take away their concerns. Slowly after. lives for the Chinese have become progressively hard. Alternatively of having concerns. some have to form themselves into little groups. Chinese people were marked as inferior people among the white Americans . A common connexion between the Chinese and Nipponese is that adult females are normally restricted from their work forces of the same civilization. doing Chinese and Nipponese work forces to travel for adult females other than their traditional civilization. This normally leads to work forces get marrieding a white adult female. in add-on to holding a household together. interim losing all cultural traditions. Furthermore. when the jurisprudence was passed that Asiatic immigrants are allowed into the United States. they were stopped with the Asian Exclusion Act. where they are sojourned from migration and naturalisation. The changeless racial favoritism against Asians has become the chief statement behind these immigrants’ experiences. Many immigrants hoped to travel to America. wishing to accommodate to American civilization and life styles and believing that it is possible to be white . However. they were driven out of American due to being a minority. Historically. Whites by and large perceived America as a racially homogeneous society and Americans as white. Long before the Chinese arrived. they had already been predetermined for exclusion by this set of thoughts ; the Chinese hereafter in America could be seen in the black and Indian past ( Takaki 100 ) . This can be seen as racism towards the Chinese workers. This differentiation was made because the Chinese. like the inkinesss were viewed as menaces in white society. In the eyes of Americans. there are no differences between Chinese and Nipponese. They have a shared history and tonss of community. particularly seen through racism. This is true to a certain extent merely because the Gentlemen’s Agreement Act have created some equality for the Japanese. The Japanese were treated somewhat better than the Chinese. While the United States would enforce limitations on Chinese immigrants. they were more indulgent with Nipponese in-migrations in that there were no limitations imposed. There were authorities differences because Nipponese triumph against Russia has made Japan demand for their individuality in America.

Kiva as a Non-Profit Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Kiva as a Non-Profit Organization - Assignment Example Another reason for Kiva’s success is the popularity of micro-financing for small investors and this financing motivates them to start their own business, and then pay back the amount. The internet has benefited the company as there are no entry barriers and this is because the company has been able to reach globally. The method of the transaction is easy and fast which is another advantage for the company. Many international celebrities are also responsible for the success of Kiva as they regularly support the cause of the company by participating in different events organized by Kiva (Zenker). The reason why Kiva is different from other organizations is that it employs different strategies that ensure the repayment of loans taken by people from different countries. The company has made different field partners who are directly responsible for providing and collecting loans for the company (Anderson and Ramirez). These partners are either small firms or individuals working in different countries for making operations of Kiva unique from others. The product philosophy of Kiva also makes the company different from other organizations as lending is perceived as a method of communicating with other people (Anderson and Ramirez). The company believes that lending is related to the exchange of information, and it creates a strong binding and communication between the people involved in this trade. The focus of Kiva is not on profit, and this is because it is different from other lending organizations. The company believes in making business relationship with people rather than b enefactor association and unlike other non-profit organizations that are appealed by people’s compassion, Kiva is attracted towards them because of its interest in businesses (Anderson and Ramirez). The Kiva model can work for larger loans if the company is able to make a strong chain of field partners in countries where  heavy loans are provided to large firms or organizations.

Risk and Threats of Cloud Computing Services Research Paper

Risk and Threats of Cloud Computing Services - Research Paper Example In spite  of the varied horizon  being  offered by the cloud computing services, most of the enterprises are skeptical about the safety of the cloud environment and are less willing to take the risks.  Ã‚  In order to maintain the  clientage  and market competitiveness, cloud service providers must learn from the managed service provider (MSP) model to  guarantee  secure services to their clients along with increasing  virtualization  service  efficiencies, (Foster, 1998). Further, the  companies  that are opting for cloud services are unaware of the unidentified risks existing  within  the cloud environment. The ability of the cloud computing model to offer its clients/users to utilize the service provider’s applications which run on a cloud model infrastructure and these applications can be accessed by a number of clients through a system interface, for example, a Web browser, web-based email system. The user is free of responsibilities such as to manage the infrastructure, web servers, operation management and applications, data storage server maintenance, and network application tasks. b.  Platform as a Service (PaaS):  The cloud computing  PaaS  model offers the user the facility to deploy itself on the computing infrastructure which is built according to the user related applications with the help of programming languages like Java, Net, etc.). As already stated before, the user does not have to manage the infrastructure of the cloud computing service, but the user has full

Portfolio Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Portfolio - Annotated Bibliography Example This article is about a study where women are offered a variety of birth control methods. The results from the study stipulate that most women who chose long acting techniques such as implants which lower the chances of acquiring pregnancy other than birth control pills do not worry about unplanned pregnancies. Notably, it shows that birth control reduced rates of abortion in United States from 19.6 abortions per 1000 women to approximately 4.4 abortions per 1000 women. In addition, the article notes that the introduction of birth control measures reduced rates of birth among teenage girls from 34.3 per 1000 girls to 6.3 per 1000 girls. This article exposes an individual to the effects of birth control on abortion rates. National Public Radio (2012, October 8). Cloud Computing Saves Health Care Industry Time And Money: All Tech Considered: NPR. Retrieved  October  8, 2012, from http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2012/10/01/162080613/cloud-computing-saves-health-care-industry-time-and-money This article explains how cloud computing power makes it less expensive and easier for clinicians and firms to find out newfangled cures and medicinal drugs. Notably, the article portrays that analysis of data that used to take a long time and was expensive can now be done for lesser time and at a lesser cost. In essence, health care organizations can lease gigantic workstation resources per hour at relatively cheap charges. The aptitude to examine and evaluate colossal information in this manner has changed a lot of industries including health care. Needless to say, the article notes that cloud computing has aided medical research where a doctor or any other health care practitioner can use the internet to search for other cases of a disease or a disorder. Cloud computing has aided researchers to evaluate and sequence large amounts of data which is not possible for a person to do on his or her own. Amazon is an excellent

Mills Higher And Lower Pleasures Philosophy Essay

Mills Higher And Lower Pleasures Philosophy Essay Mill claims that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends. (Mill, p. 187) A few paragraphs later, however, he says that it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. (p. 187) Is Mill contradicting himself, or are these two claims consistent? Mill is rather enhancing instead of contradicting his point of view of utilitarianism by the two claims stated above in the topic. There are two types of pleasures that he introduces here. Pleasure, and freedom from pain imply the lower pleasures which involved purely body sensations (Mill, p.187). On the other hand, being a human or Socrates dissatisfied indicates higher pleasures associated with moral sentiments (Mill, p.187). While an animal could be fully happy with a life of lower pleasures, a human being could not fully be happy unless attention was paid to these higher pleasures. In this paper, I firstly intend to provide an explanation of Mills distinction of higher and lower pleasures regarding these claims. Secondly, I shall introduce the method of calculating overall utility (Mill refers as the only thing desirable as ends) considering both quantities and qualities involving these claims (Mill, p.187). Thirdly, I will interpret how these two claims stated in the top consis tent. Last but not least, I shall reply some objections rose from the discussion. What does Mills distinction between higher and lower pleasures suggest? When Mill introduces the notion of higher pleasures he is clearly discussing, among other things, intellectual pursuits and activities as well as pleasures of aesthetics and sympathy. An adequately satisfying human life must thus contain pleasures of the intellect, of the feelings and imagination, and of the moral sentiments, which have a much higher value as pleasures than those of mere sensation (Mill, p186). Mill delineates how to differentiate between higher and lower quality pleasures: A pleasure is of higher quality if people would choose it over a different pleasure even if it is accompanied by discomfort, and if they would not trade it for a greater amount of the other pleasure (Mill, p.187). Moreover, Mill contends, it is an unquestionable fact that, given equal access to all kinds of pleasures, people will prefer those that appeal to their higher faculties. A person will not choose to become an animal; an educated person will not choose to become ignorant, and so on. Even though a person who uses higher faculties often suffers more in life, he would never choose a lower existence, preferring instead to maintain his dignity. Arguing that pleasures of the intellect are of a higher nature whereas sensual pleasures or the animal appetites are of a lower nature, Mill claims that it is better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied (Mill, p.187). Mill also attributes the nobility of higher pleasures as accounting for their higher value and believes that competent judges have a sense of dignity which has them prefer intellectual pleasures over sensual ones (Mill, p.187). How do we judge and calculate the overall utility of an action? The Greatest Happiness Principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure. (Mill, p.187) Pleasure and the absence of pain are, by this account, the only things desirable as ends in themselves, the only things inherently good. Thus, any other circumstance, event, or experience is desirable only insofar as it is a source for such pleasure; actions are good when they lead to a higher level of general happiness, and bad when they decrease that level. While Mill also argues that pleasure can differ in quality, and that pleasures that are rooted in ones higher faculties should be weighted more heavily than baser pleasures. Mill placed great importance in the type of pleasure one experiences. Once people are made aware of thei r higher faculties, they will never be happy to leave them uncultivated. When making a moral judgment on an action, utilitarianism thus takes into account the quality of the pleasures resulting from it. In addition, according to utilitarianism, it is not moral for people just simply to pursue what makes them personally happy. Rather, morality is dictated by the greatest happiness principle; moral action is that which increases the total amount of utility in the world. In other words, quantity also matters. Every human being tries to promote his or her own happiness, and avoid unhappiness. This is natural, not ethical. Promoting happiness becomes an ethical theory when it is applied to all human beings, not just ourselves. Mills utilitarian calculus thus figures out how many people are affected by an action, how they are affected, and therefore whether the action is right or wrong. Thus, the Greatest Happiness Principle tells us that an action is right in so far as it promotes happin ess in all people affected by that action, and wrong in so far as it brings unhappiness to the people affected by that action. In this particular case regarding the claims stated in the topic, it basically proposed the following experiment: one is a soul about to be allocated a life. He is offered either the choice of a great philosopher or that of a pig. The philosopher has a long, prolific career involving great success and enjoyment but the pig can only experience the most primitive sensual experiences possible. Should one choose the apparently insatiable yet intellectually active life of a philosopher or the voluptuous life of an ancient pig (Mill, p.187)?  In accordance with Mills utilitarianism, the choice to opt for would be that of the philosopher. Although the pigs life consists of far greater quantities of sensual pleasure, no amount of this lower pleasure, however prodigious, could compensate for ones existence devoid of inherent higher faculties and the ability to experience higher pleasures. Therefore, the total happiness one derives during their lifetime is not directly proportional to pleasu re. When one considers the maximum possible happiness they can derive from their existence, elements other than pleasure quantity must be considered.   Also, being a human being rather than a pig and being a philosopher rather than a fool brings more utility to the society, more people can benefit from these choices. Thus, quantities matter here as well. These choices are promoting more happiness, thus should be adopted. Some objections may rise from the above discussions. Some people may say that some higher pleasures are accompanied by discomfort, why people would choose it over the lower pleasures, would it bring less happiness? This objection here confuses the happiness with contentment. People who employ higher faculties are often less content, because they have a deeper sense of the limitations of the world. However, their pleasure is of a higher character than that of an animal or a base human. That is why Mill writes, It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied (Mill. P.187). Thus the people best qualified to judge a pleasures quality are people who have experienced both the higher and the lower. There are different qualities of pleasure, and only people with a broad range of experiences can dictate which pleasures are of a higher quality. Furthermore, Mill observes that even if the possession of a noble characte r brought less happiness to the individual, society would still benefit. Thus, because the greatest happiness principle considers the total amount of happiness, a noble character, even if it is less desirable for the individual, is still desirable by a utilitarian standard. From all the reasons stated above, Mill does not contradict himself with the two statements made in the topic. While an animal could be fully happy with a life of lower pleasures, a human being could not fully be happy unless attention was paid to these higher pleasures. Purely sensation pleasures are good; however, higher sentiment pleasures are more profound as they promote more happiness both qualitatively and quantitatively.

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the Xbox 360 will be HD-DVD compatible. Get the full story at GamesIndustry.biz. Who Needs Sight?: How would you feel if someone totally beat the ever-loving waste products out of you while you were playing a game...and they were facing away from the screen? Well, folks who set themselves up for a challenge with 17 year-old Brice Mellen may have to deal with those questions. You see, Brice is blind but has been playing games his entire life, and as a result, is probably a lot better than you in Mortal Kombat Annihilation and Soul Calibur 2. Meet the ultimate gamer at Yahoo! News. Google Wars: A dispute between Canada and Denmark over a tiny island near Greenland (which is a territory of Denmark, despite being larger than the entire European nation) is being fought online via ads on Google, which point to letters of protest centered around the dispute. Find out the full story on Yahoo! News. Wall Of Shame: Chicago's new way of humiliating those caught soliciting a prostitute in their city may be effective at making the perpetrators feel ashamed, but the practice of posting the names and photos of those caught before they're tried has come under scrutiny by law enforcement officials and attorneys. Those actions violate a person's constitutional right to a fair trial by punishing them before they are proven guilty. Read the whole story at Law.com. From The N-Side: At most companies, divulging corporate secrets could get one in boiling hot water, but if you've ever wanted to find out why some of the more peculiar decisions were made at Nintendo over the years, here's your chance. N-Sider has an article that reveals the reasons behind such odd happenings such as the Virtual Boy and the Game Boy-only sequel to Kid Icarus, plus more. Seeing Infrared: A hacker known as Major Malfunction online has revealed to the world exactly how easy it is to hack into one's personal information anytime information is transmitted via an infrared signal, such as in hotel room computers and car door locks. Find out what you're missing if you're not plugged in to DefCon at Wired. Best Name Ever: Even if you're already way past the whole 'birds and the bees' conversation stage in your life, you've got to chuckle at the name for the sequel to the Nintendo DS title Feel the Magic.

A Comparison of Because I Could Not Stop For Death and Up-hill

It is quite peculiar that there are people who are not afraid of dying or death. Admittedly, most of us are either too afraid to face death or death itself. However, there are exceptions to the rule; and notably, Emily Dickinson and Cristina Rossetti are just some of the people who lovingly welcome the idea. Since both are also poets, they were able to portray their ideas regarding the matter through poems.In Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, she used a technique of remembering imagery of/from the past to elucidate never-ending conceptions; and this; she was able to do through establishing a dialectical relationship between one’s imagination and reality. In her poem, she suggested the subject of interconnection and the reciprocally determined personalities of the known and unknown through viewing the particular correlations between the two holistically and hierarchically.Moreover, she talks about death and eternity. And from the perspec tive of eternity, she remembered experiences that happened so long time ago and from those recollections, she endeavors the eternal world through its rapport with sequential standards.For Dickinson, Death is a kind and comforting gentleman and she adds positive subtexts about it. In this particular poem, Dickinson eternally combines and increasingly orders the temporal world with divine universe. She was able to dialectically shape some sense from the confines of life; thus permitting her readers to have a temporary glance to a universe which have an outwardly different and sporadic stages of existence that at the same time is holistically purposed and drawn in (Dickinson).Meanwhile, Cristina Rossetti also flirted with the same topic on her poem â€Å"Uphill†. In this poem, she talks about the never-ending struggles that we have to endure in life. She successfully achieved it by comparing life to an extensive and hard journey uphill—coated with lots of metaphor that is obvious all throughout the poem.Obviously, the poem is about a traveler inquiring another traveler about the whole journey. Furthermore, the poem is constructed in such a way that Traveler 1 will ask a question and Traveler 2 will answer him back and this goes on until the end of the poem. But yet, if we examine the poem closely, it is more than that.There is so much symbolism and allegory in the poem. In this poem, symbolism inspired Rossetti to write—there are overflowing concealed meanings through the use of allegory. Through closer examination, allegory is fabricated in the course of the entire poem rather then just having it within two lines or so.Nevertheless, the main theme that Rossetti wants to impart to her readers is that no matter how long or hard a journey one may encounter, there will be Someone who will never let you go (in this case, God) and that one cannot miss heaven. Since she is devout Anglican, her poems are at the same time about the idea of Death and religion. This particular poem talks about that topic in a sorrowful and death-obsessed manner (Rossetti).Both authors and poems reiterate the concept of death. In these two particular examples, the difference is how the authors created and styled their poems in different manners. Emily Dickinson used metaphors to convey her message while Christina Rossetti used allegory in her poems. This only shows that both are gifted authors.But more important than that is the fact that no matter how many people view death as a gruesome loss, there will always be people who are courageous enough to accept it and welcome it with open arms—and these two poets are exception to that.Works Cited: Dickinson, Emily. â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death.† March 2, 2008   . Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Uphill.† March 2, 2008

Social, Economical, And Political Effects Of World War I Essays

Social, Economical, And Political Effects Of World War I Essays Social, Economical, and Political Effects of World War I "Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking." Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war governments were transformed to fight total war. The war metamorphed Europe socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy. European countries channeled all of their resources into total war which resulted in enormous social change. The result of working together for a common goal seemed to be unifying European societies. Death knocked down all barriers between people. All belligerents had enacted some form of a selective service which levelled classes in many ways. Wartime scarcities made luxury an impossibility and unfavorable. Reflecting this, clothing became uniform and utilitarian. Europeans would never again dress in fancy, elaborate costumes. Uniforms led the way in clothing change. The bright blue-and-red prewar French infantry uniforms had been changed after the first few months of the war, since they made whoever wore them into excellent targets for machine guns. Women's skirts rose above the ankle permanently and women became more of a part of society than ever. They undertook a variety of jobs previously held by men. They were now a part of clerical, secretarial work, and teaching. They were also more widely employed in industrial jobs. By 1918, 37.6 percent of the work force in the Krupp armaments firm in Germany was female. In England the proportion of women works rose strikingly in public transport (for example, from 18,000 to 117,000 bus conductors), banking (9,500 to 63,700), and commerce (505,000 to 934,000). Many restrictions on women disappeared during the war. It became acceptable for young, employed, single middle-class women to have their own apartments, to go out without chaperones, and to smoke in public. It was only a matter of time before women received the right to vote in many belligerent countries. Strong forces were shaping the power and legal status of labor unions, too. The right of workers to organize was relatively new, about half a century. Employers fought to keep union organizers out of their plants and armed force was often used against striking workers. The universal rallying of workers towards their flag at the beginning of the war led to wider acceptance of unions. It was more of a bureaucratic route than a parliamentary route that integrated organized labor into government, however. A long war was not possible without complete cooperation of the workers with respect to putting in longers hours and increasing productivity. Strike activity had reached its highest levels in history just before the war. There had been over 1,500 diffent work stoppages in France and 3,000 in Germany during 1910. More than a million British workers stopped at one time or another in 1912. In Britain, France, and Germany, deals were struck between unions and government to eliminate strikes and less favorable work conditions in exchange for immediate integration into the government process. This integration was at the cost of having to act more as managers of labor than as the voice of the labor. Suddenly, the strikes stopped during the first year of the war. Soon the enthusiasm died down, though. The revival of strike activity in 1916 shows that the social peace was already wearing thin. Work stoppages and the number of people on strike in France quadrupled in 1916 compared to 1915. In Germany, in May 1916, 50,000 Berlin works held a three-day walkout to protest the arrest of the pacifist Karl Liebknecht. By the end of the war most had rejected the government offer of being integrated in the beaurocracy, but not without playing an important public role and gaining some advantages such as collective bargaining. The war may have had a leveling effect in many ways, but it also sharpened some social differences and conflicts. Soldiers were revolting just like workers: They [soldiers] were no longer willing to sacrifice their lives when shirkers at home were earning all the money, tkaing, the women around in cars, cornering all the best jobs, and while so many profiteers were waxing rich.

The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Example

The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Example The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System Essay Difference in Bank Regulation Between The United States And Dominican Republic Banking regulations viewed for a positive impact on the protection of depositors and to the institution as such, this important action that banking institutions are more supervision, and individual staff members are more likely to do their work carefully and honesty. Banking regulations existed since 1 869 in the Dominican Republic, since for DRY is very important that the find these methods by high uncertainty by the banking authorities in DRY. Asymmetric Information and Banking Regulation The fact that different parties in a financial contract do not have the same information leads to adverse selection and moral hazard problems that have an important impact on our financial system. The concepts of asymmetric information, adverse selection, and moral hazard are especially usefully useful in understanding why government has chosen the form of baking regulation the people see in the United States and in other countries. There are eight basic categories of baking regulation: the government safety net, restrictions on bank asset holding capital requirements, chartering and bank examination, assessment of risk management, disclosure requirements, consumer protection, and restrictions on competition (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Government Safety Net: Deposit Insurance and the FED Banks are particularly well suited to solving adverse selection and moral hazard problems because they make private loans that help avoid the free- rider problem. However, this solution to the free-rider problem creates another asymmetric information problem, because depositors lack information about the quality of these private loans. This asymmetric information problem leads to two reasons why the banking system might not unction well (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). First, before the FIDE started operations in 1 934, a bank failure (in which a bank is unable to meet its obligations to pay its depositors and other creditors and so must go out of business) meant that depositors would have to wait to get their deposit funds until the bank was liquidated (until its assets had been turned into cash); at that time, they would be paid only a fraction of the value of their deposits (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Unable to learn if bank managers were taking on too much risk or were outright crooks, depositors would be reluctant to put none in the bank, thus making banking institutions less viable. Second, depositors lack of information about the quality of bank assets can lead to bank panics, which, can have serious harmful consequences for the economy. To see this, consider the following situation. There is no deposit insurance, and an adverse shock hits the economy. As a result of the shock, 5% of the banks have such large losses on loans that they become insolvent (have a negative net worth and so are bankrupt). Because of asymmetric information, depositors are unable to tell whether their bank is a good bank or one of the % that are insolvent. Depositors at bad and good banks recognize that they may not get back 1 00 cents on the dollar for their deposits and will want to with draw them. Indeed, because banks operate on a sequential service constraint (a first come, first served basis), depositors have a very strong incentive to show up at the bank first, because it they are last in line, the bank may run out of funds and they will get nothing. Uncertainty about the health of the banking system in general can lead to runs on banks both good and bad, and the failure of one bank can hasten the failure of others. If nothing is one to restore the publics confidence, a bank panic can ensue. Indeed, bank panics were a fact of American life in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with major ones occurring every 20 years or so in 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873, 1884, 1893, 1907, and 1930, 1933. Bank failures were a serious problem even during the boom years of the 1 sass, when the number of bank failures averaged around 600 per year (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). A government safety net for depositors can short circuit runs on banks and bank panics, and by providing protection for the depositor, it can overcome reluctance to put ends in the banking system. One form of the safety net is deposit insurance, a guarantee such as that provided by the federal deposit insurance corporation (FIDE) in the United States in which depositors are paid off in full on the first $ 100,000 they have deposited in a bank no matter what happens to the bank. With fully insured deposits, depositors dont need to run to the bank to make with drawls even fifthly are worried about the banks health because their deposits will be worth 100 cents on the dollar no matter what. From 1930 to 1933, the years immediately proceeding the creation of the FIDE, he number of bank failures averaged more than 2,000 per year. After the establishment of the FIDE in 1 934, bank failures averaged fewer than 15 per year until 1981 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The FIDE uses two primary methods to handle a failed bank. In the first, called the payoff method, the FIDE allows the bank to fail and pays off deposits up to the $1 00,000 insurance limit (with funds acquired from the insurance premiums paid by the banks who have bought FIDE insurance). After the bank has been liquidated the FIDE lines up with other creditors of the bank and is paid its hare of the proceeds from the liquidated assets. Typically, when the payoff method is used, account holders with deposits in excess of the $ 1 00,000 limit get back more than 90 cents on the dollar, although the process can take several years to complete (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Moral Hazard And The Government Safety Net Although a government safety net has been successful at protecting depositors and preventing bank panics, it is a mixed blessing. The most serious drawback Of the government safety net stems from moral hazard, the incentives of one party to a transaction to engage in activities detrimental to he other party. Moral hazard is an important concern in insurance arrangements in general because the existence of insurance provides increased incentives for taking risks that might result in an insurance payoff. For example, some drivers with automobile collision insurance that has a low deductible might be more likely to drive recklessly, because if they get into an accident, the insurance company pays most of the costs for damage and repairs (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Adverse Selection and The Government Safety Net A further problem with a government safety net like deposit insurance arises cause of adverse selection, the fact that the people who are most likely to produce the adverse outcome insured against (bank failure) are those who most want to take advantage of the insurance. For example, bad drivers are more likely than good drivers to take out automobile collision insurance with a low deductible. Because depositors protected by a government safety net have little reason to impose discipline on the bank, risk loving entrepreneurs might find the banking industry a particularly attractive one to enter they know that they will be able to engage in highly risky activities (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Too Big To Fail The moral hazard created by a government safety net and the desire to prevent bank failures have presented bank regulators with a particular quandary. Because the failure of a very large bank makes it more likely that a major financial disruption will occur, bank regulators are naturally reluctant to allow a big bank to fail and cause losses to its depositors. Indeed, consider continental Illinois, one of the 10 largest banks in the United Stated when it became insolvent in May 1984 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Not only did the FIDE errant depositors up to the $1 00,000 insurance limit but it also guaranteed accounts exceeding $ 100,000 and even prevented losses for continental Illinois bondholders. Shortly thereafter, the comptroller of the currency (the regulator of national banks) testified to congress that 11 of the largest banks would receive a similar treatment to that of continental Illinois. Although the comptroller did not use the term too big to fail (it was actually used by congressman Mckinney in those hearing), this term is now applied to a policy in which the government provides guarantees of repayment of large insured creditors of the largest banks, so that no depositor or creditor suffers a loss, even when they are not automatically entitled to this guarantee (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Financial consolidation and the government safety net with financial innovation and the passage of the rigger Neal interests banking infant branching and efficiency act of 1994 and the Grammar Leach Bailey financial services modernization act in 1999, financial consolidation has been proceeding at a rapid pace, leading to both larger and more complex banking organizations. Financial consolidation poses two challenges to banking exultation because of the existence of the government safety net. First, the increased size of banks as a result o financial consolidation increases the too big to fail problem, because there will now be more large institutions whose failure would expose the financial system to systemic (systemic) risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Thus, more banking institutions are likely to be treated as too big to fail, and the increased moral hazard incentives for these large institutions to take on greater risk can then increase the fragility of the financial system. Second, financial consolidation of banks with other financial arrives firms means that the government safety net may be extended to new activities, such as securities underwriting insurance or real estate activities, thereby increasing incentives for greater risk taking in these activities that can also weaken the fabric of the financial system. Limiting the moral hazard incentives for the larger more complex financial organizations that have arisen as a result of recent changes in legislation will be one of the key issues facing banking regulators in the future (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Restrictions On Asset Holdings And Bank Capital Requirements. The moral hazard associated with a government safety net encourages too much risk taking on the part of banks. Bank regulations that restrict asset holdings and bank capital requirements are directed at minimizing this moral hazard, which can cost the taxpayers dearly. Even in the absence of a government safety net, banks still have the incentive to take on too much risk. Risky assets may provide the bank with higher earnings when they pay off but if they do not pay off and the bank fails, depositors are left holding the bag. If depositors were able to monitor the bank easily by acquiring information on its taking activities, they would immediately withdraw their deposits if the bank was taking on too much risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). To prevent such a loss of deposits, the bank would be more likely to reduce its risk taking activities. Unfortunately, acquiring information on a banks activities to learn how much risk the bank is taking can be a difficult task. Hence. Most depositors are incapable of imposing discipline that might prevent banks from engaging in risk activities. A strong rationale for government regulation to reduce risk taking on the part of banks therefore existed even before the establishment f federal deposit insurance. (Mish kin Snakeskin, 2009). Bank regulations that restrict banks from holding risky assets such as common stock are a direct means of making banks avoid too much risk. Bank regulations also promote diversification, which reduces risk by limiting the amount of loans in particular categories or to individual borrowers. Requirements that banks have sufficient bank capital are another way to reduce the banks incentives to take on risk. When a bank is forced to hold a large amount of equity capital, the bank has more to lose if it fails and is thus more likely to pursue sees risky activities (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Bank capital requirements take two forms. The first type is based on the leverage ratio, the amount of capital divided by the banks total assets. To be classified as well capitalized, a banks leverage ratio must exceed 5%; a lower leverage ratio, especially one below 3% triggers increased regulatory restrictions on the bank. Through most of the 1 sass. Minimum bank capital in the united States was set solely by specifying a minimum leverage ratio (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). In the wake of the continental Illinois and savings and loans bailouts, regulators in the United States and the rest of the world have become increasingly worried about worried about banks holdings of risky assets and about the increase in banks off balance sheet activities, activities that involve trading financial instruments and generating income from fees. Which do not appear on bank balance sheets but nevertheless expose banks to risk. An agreement among banking officials from industrialized nations set up to risk. (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The Basel committee on banking supervision, which has implemented the Basel Accord that deals with a second type of capital requirements risk eased capital requirements. The Basel Accord, which required that banks hold as capital at least 8% of their risk weighted assets, has been adopted by more than 100 countries, including the United States. Assets and off balance sheet activities were allocated into in to four categories, each with a different weight to reflect the degree of credit risk. The first category carries a zero weight and includes items that have little default risk, such as reserves and government securities issued by the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The second category has a 20% weight and includes claims on banks in COED countries. The third category has a weight of 50% and includes municipal bonds and residential mortgages. The fourth category has the maximum weight of 100% and includes loans to consumers and corporations. Off balance sheet activities are treated in a similar manner by assigning a credit equivalent percentage that converts them to on balance sheet items to which the appropriate risk weight applies. The 1 996 market risk amendment to the Basel Accord set minimum capital requirements for risk in banks trading accounts (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Over time, limitations of the Basel Accord have become apparent, because the regulatory measure of bank risk as stipulated by the risk weights can differ substantially from the actual risk the bank faces. This has resulted in regulatory arbitrage, a practice in which banks keep on their books assets that have the same risk based capital requirement but are relatively risky, such as a loan to a company with a very low credit rating, while taking off their books low risk assets, such as a loan to a company with a very high credit rating(Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Bank Supervision: Chartering And Examination Overseeing who operates banks and how they are operated, referred to as bank supervision or more generally as prudential supervision, is an important method for reducing adverse selection and moral hazard in the banking business. Because banks can be used by crooks or overambitious entrepreneurs to engage in highly speculative activities, such undesirable people would be eager to run a bank. Chartering proposals for new banks are screened to prevent undesirable people from controlling them (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Regular onsite bank examinations, which allow regulators to monitors whether the bank is complying with capital requirements and restrictions on asset holdings, also function to limit moral hazard. Bank examiners give banks a CAMELS rating. The acronym is based on the six area: assessed: capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earning, liquidity, NC sensitivity to market risk. With this information about a banks activities, regulators can enforce regulations by taking such formal actions as cease NC desist orders to alter the banks behavior or even close a bank it its CAMELS rating is sufficiently low (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Actions taken to red cue oral hazard by restricting banks from taking on too much risk help reduce the adverse selection problem further, because with less opportunity for risk taking, risk loving entrepreneurs will be less likely to be attracted to the banking industry. Note that the methods regulators use to cope with adverse selection and moral hazard have their counterparts in private financial markets (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Chartering is similar to the screening of potential borrowers, regulations restricting risky asset holdings are similar to restrictive covenants that prevent borrowing firms from engaging in risk risky investment activities, bank capital requirements act like restrictive covenants that require minimum amounts Of net worth for borrowing firms, and regular bank examinations are similar to the monitoring of borrowers by lending institutions (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Assessment Of Risk Management Traditionally, on site bank examinations have focused primarily on assessment of the quality of the banks balance sheet at a point in time and whether it complies with capital requirements and restrictions on asset holdings. Although the traditional focus is important for reducing excessive sis taking by banks, it is no longer felt to be adequate in todays world, in which financial innovation has produced new markets and instruments that make it easy for banks and their employees to make huge bets easily and quickly. In this new financial environment, a bank that is healthy at a particular point in time can be driven into insolvency extremely rapidly from trading losses, as forcefully demonstrated by the failure of Baring in 1 995 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Thus, an examination that focuses only on banks position at a point in time may not be effective in indicating whether a bank ill, in fact, be taking on excessive risk in the near future (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). This change in the financial environment for baking institutions has resulted in a major shift in thinking about the bank supervisory process throughout the world. Bank examiners are now placing far greater emphasis On evaluating the soundness of a banks management processes with regard to controlling risk. This shift in thinking was reflected In a new focus on risk management in the Federal Reserve Systems 1 993 guidelines to examiners on trading and derivatives activities. The focus was expanded and formalized n the Trading Activities Manual issued early in 1 994, which provided bank examiners with tools to evaluate risk management systems (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). In late 1 995, the federal Reserve and the Comptroller of the Currency announced that they would be assessing risk management processes at the banks they supervise. Now bank examiners give a separate risk management rating from 1 to 5 that fees into the overall management rating as part of the CAMELS system. Four elements of sound risk management are assessed to come up with the risk management rating: (1 ) the quality of oversight revived by the board of directors and senior management, (2) the adequacy of policies and limits for all activities that present significant risk, (3) the quality of the risk measurement and monitoring systems, and (4) the adequacy of internal controls to prevent fraud or unauthorized activities on the part of employees. This shift toward focusing on management processes is also reflected in recent guidelines adopted by the US bank regulatory authorities to deal with interest rate risk. These guidelines require the banks board of directors to establish interest rate risk limits, appoint officials of the ann. to manage this risk, and monitor the banks risk exposure (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). The guidelines also require that senior management of a bank develop formal risk management policies and procedures to ensure that the board of directors risk limits is not violated and to implement internal controls to monitor interest rate risk and compliance with the boards directives. Particularly important is the implementation of stress testing, which calculates losses under dire scenarios, or value at risk (VARY) calculations, who ICC measure the size of the loss on a trading portfolio that eight happen 1 % of the time say, over a two week period (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Disclosure Requirements To ensure that there is better information for depositors and the marketplace, regulators can require that banks adhere to certain standard accounting prince plea and disclose a wide range of information that helps the market assess the quality of a banks portfolios and the amount of the banks exposure to risk (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Consumer Protection The existence of asymmetric information also suggests that consumers may not have enough information to protect themselves fully. Consumer redirecting regulation has taken several forms. First is truth in lending mandated under the consumer protection act of 1969, which requires all lenders, not just banks, to provide information to consumers about the cost of borrowing, including a standardized interest rate and the total finance charges on the loan (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Restrictions On Competition Increased competition can also increase moral hazard incentives for banks to take on more risk. Declining profitability as a result of increased competition could tip the incentives of bankers toward assuming greater risk in an effort o maintain former profit levels. Thus, governments in many countries have instituted regulations to protect banks from competition. These regulations have taken too forms in the United Stated in the past. First were restrictions on branching, such as those described in charter 18, which reduced competition between banks, but were eliminated in 1994. The second form involved preventing embank institutions from competing with banks by engaging in banking business, as embodied in the Glass Steal Act, which was repealed in 1999 (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). International Banking Regulation Because asymmetric information problems in the banking industry are a fact of life throughout the world, bank regulation in other countries is similar to that in the United Stated. Banks are chartered and supervised by government regulators, just as they are in the United Stated. Deposit insurance is also a feature of the regulatory system in most other developed countries, although its coverage is often smaller than in the United Stated NC is intentionally not advertised (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Problems Is Regulating International Banking Particular problems in bank regulation occur when banks are engaged in international banking and thus can readily shift their business from one country to another. Bank regulators closely examine the domestic operations of banks in their country, but they often do not have the knowledge or ability to keep a close watch on bank operations in other countries, either by domestic banks foreign affiliates or by foreign banks with domestic branches (Manikins Snakeskin, 2009). Banking Regulation In Dominican Republic The first signs of banking regulation in Dominican Republic appear with the emergence of the National Bank of Santos Domingo, AS in 1869. In 1909, the Dominican Government promulgated the first General Banking Law, where specific regulations for mortgage banks, issuers and sharecropping are established and emerging credit institutions with the characteristics of commercial banks under the supervision and control of the Ministry of Finance and Commerce, known today Ministry of Finance, which was equipped with auditors appointed by the executive branch in each bank to exercise control (Tortes N;fizz 2014). The year 1947 marked the transformation of the Dominican financial system; Dominican Monetary Unit, the Central Bank and the Superintendence of Banks, the latter under Law No. 530 of October 9, 1 947, a law that creates the foundation for the supervision and regulation Of financial Dominican Sis-theme is created (Tortes N;hex 2014). The economist Virgil ?Avarice Sniche will be the first to hold the position of Superintendent of Banks, a position he occupied for two years. In principle, the task of supervision which performed this entity was simple considering the limited business operations of that era and its main function was the authorization of new offices (Tortes N;ex 2014). The No. 1530 law that gave rise to the Superintendence of Banks will be amended and replaced y Law 708, General Banking Law of 14 April 1965, where it is put in charge of this entity implementation and administration of the scheme legal for banks, under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Finance today.

Ducati Or Harley Davidson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ducati Or Harley Davidson - Essay Example Ducati is the manufacturer of expensive and high performance motorcycles. The company is based in Italy and has been producing the racing-inspired motorcycles. It has repeatedly won the World Superbike Championship for decades. The company launched its first e-commerce activities in 2000, selling a new motorcycle model named MH900e through the internet. In 1996, the parent organization of Ducati was confronted with a financial crisis because of which 51% of stake of Ducati was taken over by â€Å"Texas Pacific Group (TPG) and Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Capital† (Leenen & Jelassi, 2005). Harley- Davidson is a US-based manufacturer of touring motorcycles and cruisers. The company offered motorcycles, accessories, apparel, spare parts and general merchandise. It was considered to be a very powerful manufacturer of motorcycles across the world. It was a strongly recognized brand which produced the most innovative designs and capabilities of development (Leenen & Jelassi, 2005). ... The company is known for its high sales of its products. In 2009, the company’s sale of spare parts, accessories and apparel increased by 9.8% between 2000 and 2001. The brand was further leveraged with the production of the high performing and functional motorcycles. The Sport Touring model and the Monster Models are examples of motorcycles with high functional value. There were 92 Ducati stores across the world in 2002. The company had numerous retail outlets which helped the company gain control over its network of distribution (Leenen & Jelassi, 2005). The company even sold its products over the internet while its dealer network helped to deliver the motorcycles to the customers. On the other hand success of Harley Davidson lies in its attempt for understanding and analyzing the product and the market thoroughly. The executives were perfectly aware and focused about what the brand exactly represented. They know exactly how they could touch the heart, mind and soul of the c ustomers. One of the important aims of the company was to maintain a perfectly smooth relationship with the company’s dealers. There was a dramatic increase in the number of motorcycles produced by the company in 2001. In 2002, the figure witnessed a 10% rise. Another critical objective of the company was to expand its already established customer base of doctors, lawyers and CEOs. The company’s main customers were the rich bikers of the urban areas. The company’s product demands have been increasing at a fast rate and it has been successfully keeping up with its attempt to grow its earnings faster than its revenues. The company also successfully established 1300 dealer outlets

Research project (body scanning technology) Paper

Project (body scanning technology) - Research Paper Example These body imaging scanners can be found in several areas of the security industry, including in commercial loss prevention and in government buildings that require an extra level of security. However, one of the most popularly discussed usages of the technology is in airports, and in 2010 it was announced that these would be put into use at 28 airports in the United States, including New Yorks JFK and Fort Lauderdale International. The use of these has been defended by the US Homeland Security Secretary, who says that these will severely reduce incidences of smuggling, terrorism and on-flight crime. The following essay will discuss the technology in detail, including full details on the benefits that these machines can bring to the security industry. Following this, the privacy concerns which have been raised will be covered, as will the health issues that have been linked to the machines. Particular focus will be on the privacy concerns that have been dominating the media with rega rds to this technology, as it is a particularly pressing issue for those who feel we may be lapsing into a Big Brother state, as well as those who feel uncomfortable with the use and possible storage of these images. Body scanning technology is based on the principle of the millimeter wave. Most materials used for clothing are transparent when viewed under this frequency of radio band, and images taken by these scanners will therefore show any concealed objects that may not be evident to the naked eye. The scanners come in two forms, known as active and passive. The passive form is one that uses the natural energy emitted from objects, and is generally considered to be as safe as a digital camera for the person being photographed. The active scanners rely on directing these millimeter radio waves at the object and then reading the energy which has been directed back (Laskey, 2010). This

Compare the role of voice-over narration in any two (or three) films Essay - 1

Compare the role of voice-over narration in any two (or three) films screened in this course (Dr Strangelove, A Clockwork Orange - Essay Example Such a film device is not in any way new or inventive. It is a story-telling technique that is used by different directors to elaborate a plot, based on the needs of the plot and the messages they wish to convey to the audience. As such, this brief analysis will track and consider the ways in which directors of three distinct films—Dr Strangelove (1964), A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), and The Big Lebowski (1998)—employ this technique. Through such an analysis, the author hopes to reveal the different nuanced levels of meaning that the individual directors hope to invoke through story-telling techniques such as the voice-over narrative. Kubrick himself, when discussing how he would cast and direct a satire on the lunacy of the Cold War, noted that it should be presented to the audience in a form of dark humour. In this way, it could more readily convey the levels of truth and the different meanings that are portrayed (Bilandzic & Buselle, 2011, p. 30). As a means t o accomplish this end, Kubrick employed many techniques that sought to mirror elements of true life that the audience would readily be able to identify with and would appreciate. Of course one of the most powerful mechanisms that he employed was presenting news-like stories to the viewer in a matter of fact way; regardless of how utterly insane they might be in content. Kubrick further sought to provide a type of societal commentary that housed the work in a convenient yet detached framework. Rather than allowing the individual characters to stand out, ultimately diminishing the message that Kubrick was attempting to communicate, the director regarded central omniscient or seemingly omniscient narrator as a better mechanism. Thus, the director was able to present a serious and gripping subject matter in a satirical way from a detached standpoint. The detached standpoint itself is further compounded by the effect of the monotone voice of the voice-over narration, impressing upon the viewer an influential point of view. The overall effect that the director was attempting to incorporate into the film was precisely this: it was only necessary to add elements of realism into a script that was already tinged by elements of absurdity since the satire engaged the viewer with the preposterous nature of the Cold War and Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) (Kirshner 2001, p. 40). In this way, the voice-over narration provided the necessary ethos that Kubrick required to accomplish a sense of realism and authority. Iguarta (2009, p. 58) offers a comprehensive insight regarding Dr Strangelove (1964), particularly from the perspective of using the voice-over technique: Voice-over narration in Kubrick's films evolves from an element that shows the mastery of the text by itself and an element of coherence that assures the perfect fitting of each element in the first films. They also show a more detached, ironic relationship of narrator to the text, which hints at the growing f eeling in the later films that reality cannot be controlled and that the text is unable to present it to us in a clear, reassuring way. This passage seems marked by the absence of voice-over narration in 2001, a reference to the organizing, clarifying function it had fulfilled in

I Thessalonians and II Thessalonians Essay Example for Free

I Thessalonians and II Thessalonians Essay The Epistle to the Thessalonians is a two letters, generally believed to have been written by Saint Paul, that form two books of the New Testament. The letters are addressed to the members of the Christian church Paul had founded in Thessalonica (Salonica), Macedonia. In the letters, Paul answers questions and deals with problems of the Thessalonian Christians. Passages in both letters prophesy the return of Jesus to earth. Because the second Epistle in places is not characteristic of Paul’s writings in style or content, some scholars have questioned whether Paul wrote any of it. Most scholars, however, believe that Paul wrote both letters. First Thessalonians may be the oldest document in the New Testament. Here Paul gives advice to the people of Thessalonica concerning Christ’s return and encourages them to make themselves ready. Second Thessalonians discusses the same topics; however, it discusses the importance of being ready for the day when Christ will return. I Timothy and II Timothy The two books of the New Testament I Timothy and II Timothy are letters supposedly written by Saint Paul to Saint Timothy. Together with the Epistle to Titus, they are often called the Pastoral Epistles because they deal particularly with the responsibilities of Christian pastors or ministers. Many modern religious scholars doubt that the Pastoral Epistles were really written by Paul. Some of the events mentioned in them do not agree with other accounts of Paul’s life, and there are differences in style from Paul’s known writings. Many scholars believe that these Epistles were actually written long after Paul’s death, but may include small portion of his writings. Titus Titus is a book on the New Testament and believed to be written by Titus himself. Titus is believed to have been converted by Paul himself sometime before the year 49. He replaced Timothy as Paul’s representative to the Christian community at Corinth, Greece, and according to tradition was the first bishop of Crete. The Epistle to Titus in the New Testament is supposedly addressed to him. It and the Epistles to Timothy form the Pastoral Epistles. This â€Å"Pastoral Letters† gives advice about what local church leaders should do to look after spiritual needs of the people in their care. Philemon Epistle to Philemon, in the Bible, a letter of Saint Paul, who was then a prisoner, probably in Rome, to Philemon, a fellow Christian of Colossae in Asia Minor. It pleads for clemency and kindness toward Onesimus, a runaway slave whom Paul had recently converted. Onesimus was apparently set free, and was probably the Onesimus who was later bishop of Ephesus. Hebrews This book, written in the form of a letter, is a sermon about the superiority of Jesus Christ. He is shown to be superior to the angels, to the priesthood of Moses, and to the sacrifices that were made in the temple. Jesus is described as both the high priest and Sacrifice that takes away the sins of many. Written at a time when the church was being persecuted by Roman authorities, this letter encourages Christians to remain faithful to Christ and to learn from his example of self- sacrifice. James This letter of five chapters is called a general epistle since it was written to Christians in general. The book is mainly a collection of moral principles for practical Christian living, and is often summed up in the statement that â€Å"faith, if it hath not works, is dead† (2:17). The writer calls himself â€Å"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ: (1:1). The letter has traditionally been ascribed to James, the brother of Jesus. I Peter Apostle Peter wrote this book. This letter was written to bring comfort and strength to Christians who were being persecuted for their faith for Jesus. Peter encourages them to stay strong for Jesus, he also point out that God is a perfect God and without any blemish at all. It tells of the things to do as servants of god for us to please Him and also submitting to authorities as well as in terms of marriage in the case of a husband and wife. II Peter Apostle Peter wrote this book. This letter was bears some similarities to the Letter of Jude, warns Christians about false teachers who will try to lure Christians away from the truth. The author urges Christians to remain loyal to God and to keep themselves pure because the Lord will return one day to judge the world. I John In this book, First John was written to affirm that Jesus is the Christ, warn Christians about false prophets, and to explain basic truths about the Christian life. A special emphasis is placed on the command to love one another. It tells that there is everlasting life with God and that God will always be there to help us through. 2 John Second John is a letter addressed to â€Å"a very special woman and her children,† a poetic way of speaking about the church. The author reminds the faithful about the importance of love and warns them to watch out for deceitful liars. 3 John Third John describes a conflict between the author and a church leader named Diotrephes. It urges Christians to help other followers spread the truth about Christ. Jude This letter is a warning against the Influence of ungodly and immoral people who claimed to have spiritual authority based on visions they received. These false teachers were inciting believers to disobey Jesus Christ. The author cautions his readers to keep their faith in God and to help any among them who may have doubts. The book closes with a benediction that has become a standard in many worship services: â€Å"To the only wise God our Savior, be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and forever, Amen†. Revelation The Revelation of St. John the Divine, the Protestant name for the last book of the New Testament. The book is called Apocalypse in the Roman Catholic Bible. By Christian tradition the author was the Apostle John. The author, living in a time of persecution, believed that the weak Christian Church was about to be destroyed by the Roman Empire. But after the Catastrophe, God would intervene in human affairs, and the outcome would be triumph of Christ and his church. The last two chapters give vivid pictures of a new heaven and a new earth with the New Jerusalem. Revelation is not a message of doom but a call to courage and faith. The book is filled with visions and symbols, and with magnificent descriptions and lofty flights of imaginations. It was apparently written about 96 A. D when the Christian Church was suffering persecution under Emperor Domitian.